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COL. GEO. T. BAIvCH, 

Author of Teaching- Patriotism in the Public Schools. 

Born about November 1, 1828. 

Died April 15, 1894. 



"I propose, with the help of God, to give al 
that remains to me of life, that I may in some 
degree repay the inestimable gift conferred npoi 
me by being born in the nineteenth century, 
citizen of this grand republic." 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



Cha]>^__ Copyright No._ 

Shell.: 









UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 







\triotic Primer 



FOR THE) 



LITTLE CITIZEN. 



uxiliary in Teaching the Totith of Our Country 
the True Principles of A merican 
Citizenship . 



girls, off with your hats as the teacher goes by, and reverentially bow or 
salute them whenever you have the opportunity, for true 
teachers are the guardian angels 
of the Republic— W. F. 



THIRD EDITION. 



Revised and Enlarged by 
WALXACE FOSTER. 



INDIANAPOLIS: 
LEVEY BROS. & CO., PRINTERS AND BINDERS. 

1898. 




Copyright, 1898, 

BY 

Wallace Foster. 



■ 






INTRODUCTION. 



0UR National Flag having been adopted as an auxiliary in 
instructing our youth in patriotism, and as a perpetual 
object lesson, it is necessary to introduce American citizen- 
ship, patriotic history, inspiring literature and music in the 
public schools if we desire to make our boys and girls good 
citizens and teach them loyalty and respect to authority and 
obedience to law. 

We rejoice in the widespread interest our American educators 
and noble, patriotic women are taking in the cause of intelli- 
gent citizenship by instructing our youth in American patriotic 
history. We believe from present indications the time is not far 
distant when every child in our land will receive its due share 
of patriotic instruction. 

It needs no argument to prove that the perpetuation of our 
National life and institutions can be maintained only by incul- 
cating in the minds and hearts of the rising generation the true 
principles enunciated in the Constitution and the Declaration 
of Independence. 

Therefore, whatever we wish to see introduced into the life of 

a nation must first be introduced into the life of its schools. In 

view of this educational axiom, and w T ith the hope of awakening 

a wider and more intelligent interest in the history of our 

- -public, we must increase our interest for a grateful, reverent 

umiration for God, our Country, our Language, and our Flag. 

In consideration and in memory of the late Col. George T. 
Balch, the author dedicates the "American Patriotic Primer 
for the Little Citizen ' ' to our boys and girls attending the 
puolic schools, with a fervent wish that their love for their 
country and flag may increase day by day and graduate them 
loble, generous, law-abiding, loyal American citizens. 



GOD WANTS THE BOYS AND GIRLS. 

God wants the boys, the merry, merry boys, 
The noisy boys, the funny boys, 

The thoughtless boys; 
God wants the boys with all their joys, 
That He as gold may make them pure, 
And teach them trials to endure; 
His heroes brave He'll have them be, 
Fighting for truth and purity. 

God wants the boys. 

God wants the happy-hearted girls, 
The loving girls, the best of girls, 

The worst of girls; 
God wants to make the girls His pearls, 
And so reflect His Holy face, 
And bring to mind His wondrous grace, 
That beautiful the world may be, 
And filled with love and purity. 

God wants the girls. 

— [Anon 



A PATRIOTIC PRIMER FOR THE 
LITTLE CITIZEN. 



OUR COUNTRY. 



1. What is the name of our country? 
The United States of America. 

2. Who govern in the United States of America? 

In the United States of America in which we live and which 
is our country, we, The People, govern ourselves. 

3. What are the principles on which government by the 
people is based? 

The system of government by the people rests upon two 
great political principles, embodied in the Declaration of 
Independence., at Philadelphia, July 4, 1776. 

4. What great principles did the Declaration of Independence 
proclaim ? 

1. The right of the whole body of the people to govern 
themselves, to make their own government. 2. The equality 
of all men before the law. 

The reason the people in these United States have for more 
than one hundred years successfully governed themselves is, 
that a firm belief in the justice of these principles has taught 
them to trust one another, has trained them to believe in one 
another, has educated them to respect the rights and the opinions 
of one another. 

5. How does our Government differ from a Monarchy? 

In the United States we have neither Emperor nor King, 
Queen nor Nobles. The people choose their own officers. 

6. What is a Democracy ? 

A government of the people, by the people, for the people is 
called a Democracy. It is a government of the whole people 
by each one of the people deciding for himself what he will do 
or what he will not do. 

7. What is a Republic ? 

When the people choose some person to stand for them, to 
do what they wish him to do, or to say what they wish him to 



say, such a person is called their Representative. All the 
representatives chosen by the people, taken together, make what 
we call the Government. Such a government is called a 
Representative Government or a Republic. 

8. What do we understand by States ? 

Large countries are usually divided for convenience of local 
government into several parts. In our own country these sub- 
divisions are now forty-five in number, and are called States. 
Each State is a Republic having its own Representative Gov- 
ernment. 

9. When was our Republic formed ? 

More than a hundred years ago, after the War of the Revolu- 
tion. 

10. What is the Union ? 

The uniting of several States into one country is called a 
Union. These forty-five American States have chosen to unite 
themselves in this manner. This union is called The United 
States of America. Another name for it is the Great Re- 
public. 

11. When was the Union formed ? 
At the close of the Revolutionary War. 

12. How many States formed the original Union ? 
Thirteen. 

13. What were they ? 

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, 
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, 
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 

14. How were the other thirty-two States formed ? 

At the time of the formation of the Union several of the 
States owned large tracts of land that were but thinly settled, 
and other large tracts have since been acquired by the United 
States. As fast as portions of this country large enough for a 
State became thickly enough settled, a State government was 
formed and the new State admitted into the Union. 

15. What is the Constitution of the United States? 

The people of these forty- five States have entered into a 
solemn agreement, to establish a government which all will 
support, obey and defend ; to do their business with one an- 
other and to regulate their conduct toward one another, and 
their conduct toward all other peoples in the world, according to 



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the requirements of a document called The Constitution of 
the Unitkd States. 

16. What is the Nation ? 

All the people living in these forty-five States, that is the 
sixty-seven millions of inhabitants in this country of ours, taken 
together, form what is known as The Nation. In other coun- 
tries the Emperor, the King or the Queen is known to the 
people as the Sovereign, and in those countries the Sovereign 
represents the Nation. In the United States The Nation is 
The Sovereign, and this is why we often speak of the Sover- 
eign People. In this country, therefore, the government is but 
the machinery through which, or by which, The Nation 
rules. 

17. What six objects are expressed in the Constitution of 
the United States ? 

The American Nation, speaking in all its majesty and 
power in this Constitution, says: "We, the people of the 
United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish 
justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common de- 
fense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of 
liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish 
this Constitution for the United States of America. " 

18. When and where did the Constitutional Convention 
meet? 

The Constitutional Convention met from May to the middle 
of September, 1787. The place of meeting was at Independence 
Hall, Philadelphia. 

19. Why was it necessary to make a new Constitution ? 
Because the Articles of Confederation did not give enough 

power to the central government. 

20. What leading men were most instrumental in -bringing 
the Convention together? 

Washington, Hamilton and Madison. 

21. What was the character of the men composing the Con- 
vention ? 

The greater part of them were of Puritan ancestry ; more 
than half of them had received a college education ; all but 
twelve of them had at some time been members of the Conti- 
nental Congress ; eight had signed the Declaration of Independ- 
ence ; three had been members of the Stamp Act Congress ; 



8 

Franklin, the oldest member, had been the leading spirit in the 
Albany Convention of 1754. 

22. Where did they get the experience and wisdom that 
enabled them to make a Constitution so perfect ? 

From the time that the Puritans formed and signed the May 
Flower compact to the time when the Colonies became States, 
the people had discussed different plans of union. When the 
Colonies became States, the States formed constitutions for 
themselves. In making and working their State Constitutions 
the people learned what was needed for the Constitution of the 
United States. 

23. Into how many and what departments is our government 
divided ? 

Our government is divided into three departments : Legisla- 
tive, executive and judicial. 

24. Of what does the legislative department consist ? 

The legislative department consists of a Senate and a House 
of Representatives and the two together are called the Congress. 
It is the duty of this department to make the laws for the United 
States. 

25. Of what does the executive department consist? 

The executive department consists of a President and Vice- 
President. It is the duty of this department to see that the 
laws of the United States are enforced. 

26. Of what does the judicial department consist? 

The judicial department consists of the United States Courts. 
It is the duty of this department to try persons accused of dis- 
obeying the laws of the United States, and to determine whether 
the laws passed by Congress are based on the Constitution or not, 

27. What is the Supreme Law of the land ? 

The Constitution says: "This Constitution, and the laws 
of the United States which shall be made in pursuance there- 
of, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the 
authority of the United States, -shall be the supreme law of 
the land ; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, 
anything in the constitution or laws of any State to the con- 
trary notwithstanding." 

28. What was the War of the Revolution ? 

The American Colonies, thirteen in number, rebelled against 
Great Britain, in 1776, and proclaimed the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence and the right to govern themselves. 



29. What were the chief causes of the Revolutionary War ? 
First — The right of arbitrary government claimed by Great 

Britain and denied by the Colonies. 

Second — The influence of France, exerted constantly so as to 
incite a spirit of resistance. 

Third — The natural disposition and inherited character of the 
Colonists, republican in politics and dissenters in religion. 

Fourth— The growth of public opinion in the Colonies tend- 
ing toward independence. 

Fifth — The personal character of George III, altogether too 
despotic. 

Sixth— The passage by Parliament of a number of acts de- 
structive of Colonial liberty, resisted by he Colonies, and the 
attempted enforcement of these acts with the bayonet by Great 
Britain. 

Seventh — The declaration by the Colonists of their complete 
independence from British rule. 

30. What were the chief results of the war ? 
Independence of the Colonies and the formation of a new 

Nation. 

31. What were the causes of the War of 1812 ? 

First — The closing of the ports of Europe by England against 
American commerce. 

Second— Impressment of American sailors of English birth, 
based upon the doctrine that a person born on English soil is an 
English subject. The United States claimed that men may give 
up their inherited citizenship and transfer their allegiance to 
other countries. 

32. How was war declared ? 
By proclamation June 19, 1812. 

33. When was the treaty agreed to ? 
December 24, 1814. 

34. What caused the Mexican War ? 

First — Mexico claimed Texas as part of her territory, not- 
withstanding its independence was acknowledged by the United 
States, England, France and other governments. The United 
States, by annexation, claimed the Rio Grande as the Texan 
boundary, while Mexico alleged the western limit of the prov- 
ince never extended west of the Nueces River. The crossing 
by General Taylor was considered the commencement of war, 
and Mexico made the attack. 



10 

Second — Impoverished by civil war, Mexico did not hesitate 
to replenish her treasury by plundering American vessels in the 
Gulf of Mexico, and also confiscated property of American mer- 
chants within her borders, covered by the treaty of 1831, but not 
lived up to. 

Third — Internal Poutics, on both sides. 

35. When was War Declared ? 
May 13, 1846. 

36. When was the treaty agreed to ? 
February 2, 1848. 

37. What caused the War of the Rebellion ? 

Conflict between the Free States and the Slave States, on the 
subject of States rights. This conflict culminated in the Elec- 
tion of Abraham Lincoln. 

38. What were the costs of the Great War ? 

To maintain the Constitution in its integrity and to preserve 
the Unity of the Nation thirty years ago, nearly five years of 
terrible war was fought, in which seven hundred thousand men 
laid down their lives that this Nation might live. So we see 
that this Constitution of the Nation is a very precious instru- 
ment to all Americans, a monument of human wisdom which 
this great Nation stands ready to-day, and will ever stand ready, 
to defend against the assaults of any power that dares meddle 
with or to oppose it. 

39. What is a citizen of the United States ? 

This Constitution says that "all persons born or naturalized 
in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are 
citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they re- 
side." 

40. How is a foreigner naturalized? 

When a citizen of another country desires to become an Amer- 
ican citizen and enjoy all the rights and privileges of such citi- 
zenship, he must declare on his oath " that he will support the 
Constitution of the United States, and that he absolutely and en- 
tirely renounces and abjures all allegiance to his former govern- 
ment and particularly to the prince or potentate whose subject 
he was/ He must further prove that he has lived within the 
United States for five years, at least one year in the State, and 
that he has borne a good moral character. 



11 

41. Can a citizen be of any color, race or religion ? 

A citizen may be of any color, may be born in any other 
country, or may be a Christian, a Hebrew, a Mohammedan, a 
Confucian or a follower of any other religion, or of no religion; 
so long as he obeys the laws, no matter what his color, his na- 
tionality or his religion, he is entitled to all the rights which 
citizenship confers (except the Chinese, who are excluded by 
act of Congress of 1882). 

42. What is a little citizen ? 

Every little boy or girl born in this country, or if born in any 
other country, whose parents have been naturalized, is a L,itti,e 
American Citizen, who is learning every day how to be a big 
citizen. There are more than Seventeen Miujons of Such 
IyiTTivE Citizens between the ages of three and fifteen years in 
the United States to-day. 

43. How do the citizens govern? 

The citizens govern either by voting for the person whom 
they wish to represent them, or who will say what the people 
wish him to say, or by voting for that thing which they would 
like to do or to have done, or against that thing which they do 
not wish to do or to have done. 

44. What is a voter and a ballot? 

The citizen who votes is called a voter or an elector, and the 
right of voting is called the suffrage. The voter puts on a piece 
of paper what he wishes. Such a piece of paper is called a bal- 
lot. 

The Gift of Citizenship is from the Nation, but the suf- 
frage is conferred and regulated by the States. 

45. Why is an education a necessity in a Republic? 

In this country, where the people govern, it is of the highest 
importance, not only that the people should be intelligent, but 
that their intelligence should be educated. Ignorance is the 
most dangerous of enemies in a government of the people. If 
the people are without knowledge and are unable to avail them- 
selves of the experience of the past, they can never govern either 
wisely or well; to Govern Others, Therefore, We Must 
First Learn to Govern Ourselves. 

46. What is Public Education and the School of the People? 
Out of this great necessity of learning how best to govern our- 
selves has gradually grown up in the United States a system of 



12 

Public Education. Each one of the forty-five States of the 
Union, as a matter of self-protection against the evil of igno- 
rance, has undertaken to see that its people are duly prepared 
for American Citizenship. To that end, therefore, there has 
been established by law in each State a system of public schools 
— the Schools of the People. 

47. How can we learn to govern ourselves ? 

By helping the Public Schools in their work of teaching us 
how to Govern Ourselves, so that in a few years we shall be 
fully prepared to earn an honest living and shall know how to 
help govern the people and how to help make the laws. 

48. What is the aim of the Public School ? 

The public school aims to do two separate things for us : 
First. To train us in such habits of behavior as will best fit 
us to become Good Members of Civil Society and Patriotic 
American Citizens. 

Second. To instruct us through the arts of reading and writ- 
ing in the use of books, in order that we may gain and learn 
how best to use the knowledge which millions of wise men and 
women, who have lived in other times, under all sorts of condi- 
tions and in all parts of the world, have discovered and re- 
corded for our use. 

49. What must we do w 7 hen training in behavior ? 

The first step in learning to govern ourselves is to learn how 
to obey — to be Obedient to Government. 

50. What is the government of the family ? 

We came under a government when we were born ; that gov- 
ernment was the Government of the Family. One of our 
first lessons at home is to obey the authority of our parents or 
guardian. We do this because very young children do not 
know what is best for them, and so for their own good they 
must be obedient to home rule. Our home, therefore, is the 
first school in which we learn to be little citizens; and so we see 
how necessary the right kind of a home is, if we wish to become 
good citizens. 

51. What is the government of the school ? 

From our home we go to the school, and here we find a new 
kind of government, the Government of the School. At the 
head of this government is our principal with teachers to 
assist in governing. 



13 

Now what is this government for? For the good of one little 
pupil only, like the home school? No; but to secure the 
greatest good for all the pupils from many homes. We have 
seen that this great Republic in which we live is made up of cit- 
izens, a great many of whom have come from foreign lands. So, 
likewise, in this school, we find children whose parents came 
from many countries ; sometimes as many as twelve different 
nations are represented in one school. 

52. Why is the school called a little republic ? 

The school, as regards the children, is A little American 
Republic, made up of Little Citizens. Here we find our- 
selves for the first time as one among many, and we are brought 
into public contact with other children of our own age, who 
have equal rights with ourselves. It is in this school that we 
are to be taught one of the great lessons of life — to respect 
the rights and Opinions of others, no matter what may 
be our schoolmates' color, or race, or religion, or birthplace; 
no matter whether their parents have very little money, or a 
great deal of money, or what may be their occupation. We are 
all a part of the Great American Nation, that stands for 
equal rights for all before the law. 

53. What is the object of school laws and how are we to 
obey them ? 

The first thing, therefore, we little citizens of this school must 
do is To obey its rules and laws. The object of these rules 
and laws is to train us all in regularity, punctuality, self- 
restraint, industry, order and truthful accuracy in all our work, 
and this is the way we can best help our teachers and perfect 
ourselves in good behavior. 

54. What is our duty to ourselves ? 

We must not miss a single day at school, and must be punc- 
tual every morning and every afternoon. 

We must come to school with a clean face, clean hands and 
clean clothes. We must be neat in our person and in our dress. 

We must be orderly, and have a place for everything, and we 
must try to keep everything in its place. 

We must be very attentive to what we are studying or doing, 
and do it with all our might. 

We must try to keep our temper always and never get into a 
passion, no matter how much we may be provoked. 



14 

We must always be cheerful and never lose our courage. 
We must never be afraid to tell the WHOLE TRUTH. 
Lastly, we must try to do right because it is right, and then 
we shall all learn how to respect ourselves. 

55. What is our duty to our associates ? 

We must always obey and be respectful to our teachers, listen- 
ing attentively when they are speaking, because they are older 
than we are, and know so much more than we do. 

We must be kind and polite to all our schoolmates, always 
respecting their rights and never taking advantage of them 
because we are stronger or bigger than they are, or because we 
think we know more than they know. Only cowards oppress 
those weaker than themselves. 

We must never wantonly hurt a dumb animal, but must treat 
all animals kindly. 

Lastly, we must never forget that we are Litti^ American 
Citizens ; proud of our HOME, proud of our SCHOOL and 
proud of our COUNTRY. 

And so we shall learn little by little, day by day, how to gov- 
ern ourselves, and when we can do that and are grown up, we 
shall know something about governing other people, and how 
to help make laws for our country. 

56. What do we now know ? 

We now know a little about what a representative govern- 
ment is, what a republic is, what a citizen is ; that a citizen of 
one State enjoys all the rights of a citizen of the forty-five 
other States, because he is a citizen of the United States ; what 
the ballot is and what voting is; that the Constitution of the 
United States is the supreme law of the land ; how many, many- 
years it took the colonists and the American Nation to firmly es- 
tablish this government of the people, and how much treasure 
and how many thousand men's lives it has cost to establish, de- 
fend, preserve and maintain it. 

57. What do we wish to know ? 

We wish to learn a great deal more about our rights and our 
duties, both as little American citizens and grown-up citizens, 
and about the machinery or method the people use to govern 
the village, or the town, or the city, and county and State in 
which we live, and how all these separate governments fit into 
and work smoothly with the government of the whole United 
States under the Constitution we have been talking about. 



15 

58. What must we learn? 

All this and a great deal more we must learn in order that 
when we grow up we may be thk Most Intelligent, the 
Most L,aw- Respecting- and the Most Patriotic of Ameri- 
can Citizens; but we have learned enough to understand that 
this great and prosperous country in which we are growing up is 
doing wonderful things for each one of us, although as yet we 
can do very little for it. 

59. What does this government of ours do for us? 

It protects us and our parents and friends day and night from 
harm of all kinds ; it protects us all in the enjoyment of the rights 
of citizenship ; it treats all alike, no matter what their color, their 
birthplace or their religion ; it enables our parents to feed and 
shelter and clothe us, and it gives us friends to help us and to 
be kind to us. 

60. Why do we respect this nation? 

Because we feel a profound respect for these United States, 
and for the brave men who in the days of the Revolution dared 
to risk their lives and fortunes that America might be a free land, 
and that we who came after them might perpetuate and enjoy 
the blessings of liberty. 

61. Why do we especially love Our Country? 

We feel especially thankful, and I^ovE Our Country for giv- 
ing us such opportunities for education, free from all cost to our 
parents; for giving us the privilege of coming to this pleasant 
school with its light, warm and cheerful rooms, filled with con- 
veniences for teaching us; for giving us these kind and patient 
teachers to help us learn so much that we wish to know, and 
who have taught us the patriotic songs, the singing of which we 
enjoy so much. 

62. How, then, can we best express our respect and love? 
By giving to our country in return for all these benefits and 

gifts the best we have, and that is our heads and hearts. Our 
head is the seat of our mind and our intellect; our heart is the 
fountain of our affections and our love. These are our dearest 
possessions. God is love, and gives us all these blessings; 
therefore, it is right that we shall recognize first of all the Ruler 
of the universe, the Almighty God. Hence we give our heads 
and our hearts to God first, and our country a' terwards, so that 
we shall be brought very close to the Creator, and His Spirit shall 
abide with us day by day, and make us better and happier. 



16 

63. What is the symbol of Our Nation? 

The symbol of the Nation is the National Fi,ag, the Stars 
and Stripes. It Stands for Our Home, for Our School, 
for Our Country. The honor of the Nation is the honor of 
its Flag, and thus we do honor to the Nation in honoring the Flag. 

64. What do we mean by the salutation of the Flag ? 

The mark of respect among all nations is uncovering the head, 
the expression of love is to touch the heart. Hence we have 
been taught to say — as we touch, first our foreheads, and next 
our hearts — "We Give Our Heads! — and Our Hearts! — to 
God ! and Our Country ! ' ' 

In a country where people from many nations are gathered 
together to enjoy the inestimable blessings which America offers, 
we little citizens think it right and just that the American princi- 
ples, the American language and the American Flag Should be 
Supreme Over all Others, and so we complete our salute with 
the words, ' ' One Country ! — One Language !-— One Flag ! ' ' 

65. What is this mark of respect called? 

This mark of respect and love we feel for GOD, our Country 
and Flag, we call ' ' The American Patriotic Salute, ' ' and the boys 
and girls who enlist under the banner and use the salute are 
loyal volunteers in the Grand Army of Patriotic Americans, 
marching shoulder to shoulder in the cause of our COUNTRY 
and FLAG. 

66. How should we feel when we salute our Flag ? 

When we salute the flag we will remember that we do it by 
virtue of the free will of this school. When we rise in our 
places to perform this patriotic act we will shout joyfully, and 
will salute our country through its flag with our whole soul. 
Let us be proud of our country, and as we learn more about its 
wonderful history may we become more and more Grateful 
to God for all the inestimable privileges, rights and blessings 
which are ours to enjoy, and may we never, Never do an act 
unworthy of the proud title of A Citizen of the United 
States of America. 

67. Where can we receive further information concerning 
the early history of our country and its government ? 

By reading carefully the story of our country's birth and 
progress, and by studying the " Declaration of Independence " 
and the ' ' Constitution of the United States of America. ' ' 



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OUR FLAG. 



1. What is the meaning of a flag ? 

That which flags or hangs down loosely ; an ensign or colors ; 
a banner, or standard on which are certain emblems. 

2. What is our Flag ? 

It is the emblem of Liberty and Independence. 

3. What does our Flag represent ? 
The United States of America. 

4. By what name is it known? 

Star Spangled Banner, Stars and Stripes, Old Glory and Red, 
White and Blue. 

5. Can you describe the Flag? 

It is composed of seven red and six white stripes with a num- 
ber of stars on a blue field in the upper left-hand corner. 

6. What is the object of a flag ? 

Principally to indicate nationality and citizenship. 

7. What does a flag symbolize? 

The declaration of the principles of the nation it represents. 

8. Do all the nations have the same form of flag? 

No. Each nation has its own peculiar design, colors and 
emblem. 

9. Is the use of flags of early or recent origin ? 

Of early origin. Ensigns, banners and standards are fre- 
quently mentioned in the Bible to distinguish one tribe from 
another. 

10. When was the first legislative action taken for the estab- 
lishment of an American flag? 

January 2, 1776. 



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11. What was the design ? 

It had the " King's colors " asa union, and the body of the 
flag was composed of thirteen stripes, alternate red and white, 
to represent the colonies. 

12. When was the first recorded ' * legislative action ' ' taken 
for the adoption of the Stars and Stripes ? 

In a resolution offered by the Continental Congress at Phila- 
delphia, Pa., June 14, 1777. 

13. What was the resolution ? 

"Resolved, That the flag of the thirteen United States be 
thirteen stripes, alternate red and white ; that the Union be 
thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new con- 
stellation. " 

14. Who were the members of the committee appointed by 
Congress to design a national flag ? 

General Washington, Col. George Ross and Robert Morris. 

15. Who made the first flag combining the stars and stripes? 
Mrs. Betsey Ross at her residence, 239 Arch street, Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

16. Under whose direction was the flag made ? 

Under the personal supervision and direction of General 
Washington, between May 23 and June 7, 1777. 

17. To whom does the credit of designing the Stars and 
Stripes belong ? 

Undoubtedly to General Washington. Both Stars and Stripes 
were suggested by the arms and crest of his ancestors, which 
contain both stripes and five pointed stars. 

18. What was the material used in the first Stars and 
Stripes ? 

A soldier's white shirt, an old blue army overcoat and a red 
flannel petticoat. 

19. How long did the Stars and Stripes remain unchanged 
after their adoption in 1777 ? 

About eighteen years, until January 15, 1794, when Congress 
enacted, "That from and after the first day of May, 1795, the 
flag of the United States be fifteen stripes, alternate red and 
white ; that the union be fifteen stars, white in a blue field.' ' 

20. Why did Congress make this change in the flag ? 
On account of new States being admitted into the Union. 



19 

21. How long did this flag remain unchanged ? 

From May 1, 1795, to March 24, 1818, during which period 
occurred the War of 1812 with Great Britain. 

22. Why was the flag changed again ? 

Because when new States were admitted into the Union the 
flag became too wide. 

23. By what legislative act did Congress restore the flag to 
its original design ? 

"Section 1. Be it enacted that from and after the fourth day 
of July next the flag of the United States be thirteen horizontal 
stripes, alternate red and white ; that the union have twenty 
stars, white in a blue field.' ' 

* ' Section 2. And be it further enacted that on the admis- 
sion of every new State into the Union one star be added to the 
union of the flag, and that such addition shall take effect on the 
fourth day of July next succeeding such admission.' ' 

24. To whom does the credit of restoring the Stars and 
Stripes to its original design belong ? 

Captain Samuel Chester Reid, United States Navy, who 
retained the thirteen original stripes, but added a star for every 
new State admitted to the Union. 

25. Have there been any further changes in our flag since 
1818? 

No. It is the same to-day as it was when originally adopted 
on June 14, 1777, except as to the number and arrangement of 
the stars. 

26. What is meant by the field or union in the flag ? 
It is the blue that contains the white stars. 

27. How many stars are there in the union of the flag up to 
the present time ? 

Forty-five, or one for each admitted State. 

28. How are the stars arranged in the union ? 
In horizontal parallel rows across the blue field. 

29. What do the stars symbolize ? 

The perpetuity of the Union. " In union there is strength." 
- 1 United we stand, divided we fall." 

30. How many stripes in our flag ? 
Thirteen, alternate red and white. 

31. What do they represent ? 

The thirteen original States of the Union. 



20 

32. What does the red signify ? 

Divine love ; valor ; war. The color calls to mind the blood 
shed for our country. 

33. What does the white express ? 
Truth, hope, purity and peace. 

34. What does the blue denote ? 
Loyalty, sincerity and justice. 

35. What are the United States regulations for the dimen- 
sions of the Stars and Stripes ? 

The material must be all-wool American bunting, or silk. 
The union must be one-third the length of the flag, extending 
to the botton of the fourth red stripe. 

36. When and where was the first American Flag un- 
furled ? 

It was first raised over Fort Stanivix, on the present site of 
the city of Rome, N. Y., August 2, 1777. 

37. Who first raised the Stars and Stripes on a vessel at sea 
and took them to a foreign country ? 

Captain John Paul Jones, commander of the "Ranger," 
which arrived at the port of France, December 1, 1777. 

38. When was the first salute given the American Flag by a 
foreign country ? 

On February 14, 1778, at a French port by foreign naval 
vessels. 

39. When did our flag take its first trip around the world ? 
September 30, 1787, and was three years in girding the globe. 

40. What is the national salute to the flag ? 

One gun for each State admitted to the Union, fired at noon 
on July 4, by military and naval stations provided with artillery. 

41. What is the salute of our national flag ? 
Twenty-one guns. 

42. How do the officers and men of the United States army 
and navy salute the flag ? 

By raising the extended right hand to the forehead, palm 
downward. 

43. How many different designs of flags in this country 
were made before the Stars and Stripes were adopted? 

From 1494 to the present time there were sixty-four (64) 
different designs. 



21 

44. What should we all do on passing the schoolhouse flag 
or in a military camp, or on boarding a United States war 
vessel ? 

Uncover and bow the head. It will be appreciated, and you 
will be honoring the flag of your country. 

45. How old is our flag? 

One hundred and twenty years. Although our COUNTRY 
is the youngest of the great nations of the world, its Fly AG is 
the oldest. 

46. When was the first flag made in the United States from 
American manufactured bunting ? 

It was made February 21, 1866, and was displayed February 
24, 1866, over the United States Senate Chamber at Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

47. When the flag is hoisted at half-mast, what does it 
mean ? 

It is a mark of mourning for one of our distinguished citizens. 

48. When the flag is raised with the union down, what does 
it mean ? 

It means disgrace or is a signal of distress. 

49. What does our flag mean for its citizens? 

It means FREE SPEECH, FREE SCHOOLS and FREE 
THOUGHT. 



ORIGIN AND HISTORY 

OF OUR 

NATIONAL HYMNS AND PATRIOTIC SONGS. 



Our national hymns and songs have been a power in electrify- 
ing the heart of the American patriot, and are now inspiring 
millions of little citizens in the public schools of our native land 
with tender emotions for their country and flag. 

THE AMERICAN FLAG. 

The author of this soul-inspiring song and poem, Joseph Rod- 
man Drake, was born in New York, August 7, 1795, and died 
September 21, 1820. 

The * 'American Flag " was written between the 20th and 25th 
days of May, 1819, when the author was not quite twenty-four, 
and originally concluded with the following lines : 

"As fixed as yonder orb divine 

That saw the bannered blaze unfurled, 
Shall thy proud stars resplendent shine, 

The guard and glory of the world." 

These lines not being satisfactory to Mr. Drake, he consulted 
his friend, Fitz Green Halleck, to suggest a better stanza. Mr. 
Halleck, in a glowing burst of patriotism, sat down and wrote the 
four concluding lines, which are as follows : 

"Forever float that standard sheet! 
Where breathes the foe but falls before us, 
With Freedom's soil beneath our feet, 
And Freedom's banner streaming o'er us." 

The poem, from the beginning to the conclusion, breathes a 
pure patriotism that is from the heart, inspired by the love of 
country, and awakens the tenderest emotions of the soul and 
body of every one who reads it. 



23 



THE AMERICAN FLAG. 



Joseph Rodman Drake. 



Music by Bellini. 












When Freedom from her mountain height 
Unfurled her standard to the air, 

She tore the azure robe of night, 
And set the stars of glory there! 

She mingles with its gorgeous dyes 

The milky baldrick of the skies. 

And striped its pure celestial white 

With streakings of the morning light. 

Then, from her mansion in the sun, 
She called her eagle bearer down, 

And gave into his mighty hand 

The symbol of her chosen land. 

Majestic monarch of the cloud! 
Who rear'st aloft thy regal form, 

To hear the tempest trumping loud, 
Jl And see the lightning lances driven, 
| \ hen strive the warriors of the storm, 

U And rolls the thunder-drum of heaven! 
^ Jhild of the sun! to thee 'tis given 
To guard the banner of the free! 

To hover in the sulphur smoke, 

To ward away the battle stroke, 

And bid its blendings shine afar, 

Like rainbows on the clouds of war. 



Flag of the brave! thy folds shall' fly, 
The sign of hope and triumph high! 
When speaks the signal trumpet tone, 
And the long line comes gleaming on; 
Ere the life-blood, warm and wet, 
Has dimm'd the glist'ning bayonet — 
Each soldier eye shall brightly turn 
To where thy sky-born glories burn. 
Flag of the free heart's hope and home, 

By angel hands to valor given! 
Thy stars have lit the welkin dome, 

And all thy hues were born in heaven. 

Flag of the seas! on ocean's wave 
Thy stars shall glitter o'er the brave, 
When death, careering on the gale. 
Sweeps darkly round the bellied sail, 
And frighted waves rush wildly back 
Before the broadside's reeling rack; 
The dying wanderer of the sea 
Shall look at once to heav'n and thee. 
Forever float that standard sheet! 

Where breathes the foe but falls before us, 
With Freedom's soil beneath our feet. 

And Feedom's banner streaming o'er us. 



24 



AMERICA. 



My Country Tis of Thee. 



The author, Rev. S. F. Smith, was born in Boston, Mass., 
October 21, 1808, and was an honored member of the Baptist de- 
nomination, residing at Newton Centre, Mass. He died No- 
vember 16, 1895. Dr. Smith was graduated from Harvard in 
the famous class of 1829, with Oliver Wendel Holmes, and from 
Andover Theological Seminary in 1832, entering the ministry 
in 1834. 

"America" was written while he was a student at Andover. 
The melody is that of a German hymn in a collection which 
Dr. Lowell Mason brought to him for translation. Turning 
over the leaves of the book, one gloomy day in February, 1832, 
he came across the air — ".God Save the King." He liked the 
music, and glanced at the German words at the foot of the page, 
and under the inspiration of the moment took up his pen and 
in half an hour the grand old hymn was born. The young 
student had no idea at the time how much he had done for his 
country. 

The hymn was first used at a children's Fourth of July cele- 
bration at Park Church, Boston, and the results were surprising. 
The fervent lines leaped like wild fire from lip to lip, and from 
heart to heart all over our blessed land, filling the soul with 
loyalty to God and our country. It has been sung in every 
country in the world, and from the highest peak above the 
clouds in the Rocky Mountains. It was an inspiration to the 
soldiers both North and South during the War of the Rebellion, 
and stimulated them on the march, in camp and in the hospital. 
Its words have been chanted from the decks of our ships and 
war vessels under the Stars and Stripes. It has been sung by 
more than 18,000,000 children in our Sunday and Public schools. 
It breathes a pure love for God and our country and fills the 
soul with intense love and patriotism. 



25 



AMERICA— My Country *Tis of Thee. 




My coun- try, *tis of thee Sweet land of lib - er- ty, 
My na -. tive coun- try, thee — Land of the* no - ble, free- 




Of thee 
Thy name 



Land where my fa- thers died, Land of the 
I love thy rocks and rills, Thy woods and 



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pilgrim's pride, From ev-'ry mountain side Let free- dom ring, 
templed hills My heart with rapture thrills Like that a '- bove. 



Let music swell the breeze, 
And ring from all the trees, 

Sweet freedom's song. 
Let mortal tongues awake; 
Let all that breathe partake; 
Let rocks their silence break; 

The sound prolong. 



Our father's God, to Thee, 
Author of liberty, 

To Thee we sing: 
Long may our land be bright 
With freedom's holy light; 
Protect us by thy might, 

Great God our King. 



PATRIOTISM IN YOUTH. 



A group of seventeen young girls, with their teacher, on the 
day before Memorial Day, were making button-hole bouquets 
for the veterans in a Western city. Rev. S. F. Smith, D. D., 
author of "My Country 'Tis of Thee," was present, and while 
they intermingled patriotic songs with their graceful labors, 
wrote the following description of the scene: 



Sweet in the innocence of youth, 

Born of the brave and free, 
They wove fair garlands while they sang 

"My Country 'Tis of Thee," 
How every bosom swelled with joy, 

And thrilled with grateful pride, 
As, fond their whispering cadence breath'd 

"Land where my fathers died." 

Fair flowers in sweet bouquets they tied, 

Breaths from the vales and hills, 
While childish voices poured the strain, 

"I love thy rocks and rills, 
Each face grew radiant with the thought 

''Land of the noble free." 
Each voice seemed reverent as it trilled 

"Sweet land of liberty." 



And bud and bloom, and leaf they bound, 

And bade the living keep 
Unharmed and pure the cherished graves 

Where brave men calmly sleep; 
And thus while infant lips begin 

To lisp "Sweet freedom's song," 
Manhood's deep tones from age to age, 

Shall still "The sound prolong." 

I hailed the promise of the scene, 

Gladness was in the strain; 
The glorious land is safe while love 

Still swells the glad refrain: 
And what shall be our sure defense? 

Who guards our liberty? 
Not men, not arms alone — we look 

"Our father's God, to Thee." 



26 



THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER. 



The author of this soul inspiring lyric, Francis Scott Key, was 
born August 9, 1780, at Terra Rubra, near Double Pipe Creek, 
Carroll County, Md., and died in Baltimore, January 11, 1843. 
His remains were removed September, 1866, to Frederick, Md., 
and reinterred in Mt. Olivet Cemetery. 

Francis Scott Key was a lawyer by profession, and the song, 
which has immortalized his name and become national, was 
inspired by him while a prisoner on board of the Cartel Ship 
Minden, witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry, Md. , 
by the British, between midnight and dawn September 13, 1814. 
The scene which he described made his heart sick with anxiety ; 
the warm patriotism breathed in the song was not the offspring 
of fancy or mere sentiment or poetic imagination. He describes 
what he actually saw in the dim light of that September morn- 
ing, and tells us how he felt when he could not see the flag 
through the smoke of battle, and what his feelings were when 
the battle was over, and the victory was won by his country- 
men. Every word came warm from the depths of his throb- 
bing heart and filled his soul with thankfulness to the Divine 
hand that turned the tide of battle for Liberty. 

The song was first published September 21, 1814, in the 
" Baltimore American, " and was first sung in a tavern adjoin- 
ing the Haliday Street Theatre, by Charles Durang, and then 
in the theatre, where it took the popular fancy until the entire 
audience seemed inspired by its pathetic eloquence. The song 
has filled the hearts of citizens and soldiers alike with intense 
enthusiasm and never fails to find a patriotic response in the 
hearts of those who listen to the glorious hymn. 



27 



STAR SPANGLED BANNER. 



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1. say, can you see by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hail'd at the 

2. On the shore dimly seen thro' the mists of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread 
8. And where is that-band who so vauntingly swore That the havoc of war and the 
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bat-tie's con-fus-ion A home and a country shall leave us no more — Their 
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ramparts we watch'd were so gallantly streaming; And the rocket's red glare,the bombs 
fit-ful-ly blows, half conceals, half discloses? Now it catch-es the gleam of the 
blood has wash'd out their foul footsteps' pollution, No ref-uge could save the 
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bursting in air, Gave proof thro' the night that our Flag was still there. say,does that 

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Star Spangled Banner yet wave,0'er the Land of the Free, and the home of the Brave. 
Banner ! Oh ! long may it wave, O'er the Land of the Free, and the home of the Brave. 
Banner, in triumph shall wave,0'er the Land of the Free, and the home of the Brave. 
Banner, in triumph doth wave,0'er the Land of the Free, and the home of the Brave. 



28 



COLUMBIA, THE OEM OF THE OCEAN. 

Sometimes called the " Red, White and Blue." 



• T } is }y, mn is k n°wn as the army and navy song, because it 
is adapted to reunions of the two services. The SiginaTsong 

the dt f "corlh? 111 ^ d T V?*? T - ShaW ' an aC ^° r ' Unde? 
Shed n 1M? rv, • J^ Land ° f the BraVe '" aud was P ub - 
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nated with Shaw, an American, the words and music, as printed 

i t 3f T 06 ^^' T h ° maS A - Beckett > a » Englishman, 
m which it was known by the first name above. 

1 he hymn was sung for the first time in the fall of 1843 at the 
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29 



HAIL, COLUMBIA. 



The author of " Hail, Columbia" was the Hon. Joseph Hop- 
kinson, LL. D., Vice-President of the American Philosophical 
Society, and President of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine 
Arts, etc. 

Mr. Hopkinson wrote the song April, 1798, at his residence, 
132 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa., when he was twenty-eight 
years old. He died in Philadelphia, January 15, 1842. 

The object of Mr. Hopkinson, in writing the song, was to 
unite two parties in our country. It was at a time when war 
with France was thought to be inevitable. The contest between 
England and France was raging, and the people of the United 
States were divided in their opinions. To counteract any feel- 
ing for either England or France, he aimed to arouse an Ameri- 
can spirit, which should be independent of, and above the 
interests, passion and policy of both belligerents, and look and 
feel exclusively for our honor and rights. 

No illusion is made to France or England or the quarrel be- 
tween them, or to the question which was most in fault in their 
treatment of us. 

The song was called for on Saturday, completed on Sunday, 
and sung for the first time on Monday evening at the theatre. 
It was encored and repeated eight times, the audience, at last, 
joining in the chorus. The song had the desired effect in unit- 
ing both factions, and was received with great favor and en- 
thusiasm by Americans everywhere. 

( Words and Music on next page.) 



30 



HAIL COLUMBIA. 



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1. Hail ! Co-lum-bia, happy land ! Hail ! ye heroes,heav'n born band, 

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Who fought and bled in freedom's cause, Who fought and bled in 
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That truth and justice may prevail, And ev-'ry scheme of bondage fail. 



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31 



THE BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC. 



The author of this stirring lyric, Julia Ward, daughter of 
Samuel Ward, Esq., was born in New York, May 27th, 1819, 
and married to Dr. S. G. Howe in 1843. 

The Battle Hymn of the Republic was written in Washington 
under the following circumstances : Mrs. Howe, with a party of 
friends, had gone out some distance from the city to witness a 
military review, and were surprised by a Confederate raid, and 
for some moments the wildest excitement prevailed, as it was 
feared their retreat would be cut off. When at last the carriage 
containing the party of spectators was turned towards Washing- 
ton, it was driven very slowly, with an armed escort on either 
side, while the ladies sung "John Brown's Body," in brave de- 
fiance of their late alarm. 

The grand, ringing tune deserved noble words and inspired 
Mrs. Howe tc wish that she might write them. She was so im- 
pressed with the song on retiring for the night that her wish 
must have followed her in her dreams. She awoke in the gray 
dawn of the morning with the verses spinning themselves in her 
mind. Fearing" to lose them, should she fall asleep again, she 
arose, and in the uncertain morning twilight scribbled them off, 
not looking at the paper under her hand. She returned to bed 
and fell asleep, unconscious that the almost illegible scrawl 
was the one grand hymn of the war, and has placed her name 
among the best of our patriotic writers. 

( Words and Music on next page.) 



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BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC. 



Julia Ward Howe. 



Air: " John Brown's Body.'' 



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1. Mine eyes have seen the glo- ry of the com-ing of the Lord ; He is 

2. I have seen Him in the watchfires of a hundred circling camps; They have 

3. He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call re-treat ; He is 

4. In the beau-ty of the lil-ies, Christ was born across the sea, With a 

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trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored; He hath loosed the 
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make men ho-ly, let us die to make men free,While God is marching on. 

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YANKEE DOODLE. 



Rear- Admiral Preble, U. S. N., in his most excellent work, 
" History of our Flag," says : 

' ' The introduction of the song to Americans has been ascribed 
to Dr. Shuchburg, a surgeon of the regular troops in Albany, 
N. Y., about 1737. The common account of the origin of 
■ Yankee Doodle,' which ascribes it to Dr. Shuchburg, was writ- 
ten by Nathan H. Carter, and published in the 'Albany States- 
man,' nearly three-fourths of a century after the event is said to 
have happened." 

The time-honored song seems to be a musical vagabond and is 
wrapped in obscurity, a literary Bohemian. The words are older 
than our Revolution and originated in the time of Charles II. 



33 

While Yankee Doodle is National property, it is not a literary 
treasure of the highest value, however no true born Yankee 
is ashamed of the song. 

'Twill do to whistle, sing or play, 
And is just the tune for fighting. 

Our American ancestors revived the expression, history has 
emphasized it. Its spirit and sentiment have come down to us 
through many ages to be embodied in American laws, institu- 
tions and character. It keeps alive the memories of the good 
old Continental days, and is patriotic music for the present gen- 
eration and will be for the next and next. 

YANKEE DOODLE. 



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Yan - kee doo-dle keep it up, Yan - kee doo-dle' dan - dy, 

/7\ 



*=t 



* . •• d - 



TT- 



zt€z 



iPH 



Mind the mu- sic and the step, And with the girls be hand- y. 



And there was General Washington, 
Upon a snow white charger, 

He look'd as big as all out doors, 
Some thought he was much larger. 

And there they had a copper gun, 

Big as a log of maple, 
They tied it to a wooden cart, 

A load for Father's cattle. 



And there I see'd a little keg, 
All bound around with leather, 

They beat it with two little sticks, 
To call the men together. 

But I can't tell you half I see'd, 
They kept up such a smother, 

I took my hat off, made a bow, 
And scamper'd home to Mother 



34 
HOME, SWEET HOME. 



The author of "Home, Sweet Home/ 9 John Howard Payne, 
was born in New York City, June 9, 1792, and died at Tunis, 
April 10, 1852. 

John Howard was a leader among the boys in sports and lessons, 
too. He raised a little military company which he once marched 
to general training, where Major-General Elliott extended a 
formal invitation to the gallant young captain, who led his 
troops into the ranks to be reviewed with the veterans of the 
Revolution. 

At the age of thirteen he became a clerk in a mercantile house 
in New York; and while a clerk secretly edited a little paper 
called the "Thespian Mirror. " Payne was an engaging youth, 
he won all hearts by the beauty of his person, his captivating 
address, the premature richness of his mind, and his chaste and 
flowing utterance, as he was a fine elocutionist. 

When seventeen years old he decided to try the stage, and 
achieved wonderful success in all the large Eastern cities. 
When twenty years of age he sailed for England and appeared 
in Drury Lane Theatre. For twenty years he experienced more 
than the mingling of pleasure and evil fortune. While he was 
much praised his life was sorrowful and hard. He wrote several 
successful dramas, among them was a play entitled "Clari, the 
Maid of Milan," but at the request of Charles Kemble, manager 
of Convent Garden Theatre, the play was altered into an opera 
and the words of " Home, Sweet Home" were introduced into it. 
The song was a great success and enriched all who handled it, 
while the author did not receive even the £2$ which he reck- 
oned as his share when the manuscript was sold. Payne re- 
turned to America in 1832, and nine years later received the ap- 
pointment of American Consul at Tunis. 

In his own words he lamented his life, when he says: " How 
often while in the large cities of foreign countries have I heard 
persons singing " Home, Sweet Home," without having a shil- 
ling to buy myself the next meal or a place to lay my head.. ' ' 
"The world has literally sung my song until every heart is 
familiar with its melody, yet I have been a wanderer from my 
boyhood." 



35 

With due consideration for the sorrows of his career he for- 
sook his home and associations and voluntarily attached him- 
self to a class of adventurers who lived by their wits. His life 
most certainly was a pathetic one, and his song has brought the 
tears to the eyes of many a poor wanderer in a foreign land. 
May the history and song of the author bring sweet contentment 
to every boy and girl who reads or sings the lines. 

'Mid pleasures and palaces though we may roam, 
Be it ever so humble, there's mo place like home; 
A charm from the skies seems to hallow us there, 
Which seek thro' the world is ne'er met with elsewhere. 

Chorus — 

Home, home, sweet, sweet home, 

There's no place like home, there's no place like home. 

I gaze on the moon as I tread the drear wild, 

And feel that my mother now thinks of her child, 

As she looks on that moon from her own cottage door, 

Thro' the wood-bine whose fragrance shall cheer me no more. 

An exile from home, splendor dazzles in vain; 
Oh, give me my lowly thatch'd cottage again; 
The birds singing gaily, that came at my call; 
Give me them, and that peace of mind, dearer than all. 



SALUTE OLD GLORY. 



By Kate Brownlee Sherwood. 



This song is dedicated to the 10,000,000 little American citi- 
zens who are saluting the flag as part of their school exercises 
and who are invited to join in the Patriotic work for inetlligent 
citizenship. It may be sung to the tune of " Dixie.' ' 

Hail, fairest flag on land or ocean, 
Setting all the world in motion! 

Awake! awake! 

Salute the flag! 
Its stars so bright, its stripes so fair; 

Awake! awake! 
No other can with it compare, 
That sails the sea, that rules the air; 

Awake! awake! 

Awake! salute Old Glory! 

(Continued on next page,) 



36 

SALUTE OLD GLORY— Continued. 

Our flag has felt the tempest's rattle, 
Blown by all the winds of battle. 

Awake ! awake ! 

Salute the flag! 
For you its beauteous folds were torn; 

Awake! awake! 
But now by loyal legions borne, 
It vies the splendors of the morn; 

Awake ! awake ! 

Awake! salute Old Glory! 

O come, ye patriots, to the rally! 
Come from every hill and valley! 

Awake! awake! 

Salute the flag! 
The Stars and Stripes for freedom stand; 

Awake! awake! 
O come, and for your country band, 
And pledge your head and heart and hand, 

Awake! awake! 

Awake! salute Old Glory! 



KELLERS AMERICAN HYMN. 



Speed our Republic, O Father on high; 

Lead us in pathways of justice and right; 
Rulers as well as the ruled, "One and all," 

Girdle with virtue the armor of night. 

Hail, three times hail, to our country and flag! 
(Repeat last two lines as chorus.) 

Foremost in battle for freedom we stand, 
We rush to arms when aroused by its call; 

Still, as of yore, when George Washington led, 
Thunders our war-cry, "We conquer or fall." 

Faithful and honest to friend and to foe, 

Willing to die in humanity's cause, 
Thus we defy all tyrannical power, 

While we contend for our Union and laws. 

Rise up, proud eagle, rise up to the clouds; 

Spread thy broad wings o'er this fair western world; 
Fling from thy beak our dear banner of old, 

Show that it still is for freedom unfurled. 

Hail, three times hail, to our country and flag! 

Rulers as well as ruled, "One and all," 
Girdle with virtue, the armor cf night, 

Hail, three times hail, to our country and flag! 




WASHINGTON'S PATRIOTISM 



LOVE FOR HIS COUNTRYMEN. 



Wallace Foster. 



The name of Washington is familiar to every boy and girl in 
our country. His fame is widespread, and he is known as 
" the father of our country" There was in the breast of Wash- 
ington one sentiment so deeply felt, so constantly uppermost, 
that no proper occasion escaped without its utterance. In his 
"Farewell Address to the People of the United States," the 
Union was the great object of his thoughts. In this admirable 
bequest, like a true teacher sent from God, he dwells chiefly on 
our Union and brotherly love, in which he had the consolation 
to believe that, while choice and prudence invited him to quit 
the political scene, patriotism did not forbid it. 

In looking forward to the moment in which he was to ter- 
minate his career in public life, bis feelings did not permit him 
to suspend the deep acknowledgment of that debt of gratitude 
which he owed to his beloved country, for the many honors it 
had conferred upon him, and for the steadfast confidence with 
which it had supported him. He also had the satisfaction of 
knowing in his retirement that the involuntary errors he had 
probably committed had been the source of no serious or lasting 
mischief to his country; therefore, he expected to realize with- 
out alloy, the sweet enjoyment of partaking, in the midst of his 
fellow-citizens, the benign influence of good laws under a free 



38 

government, the ever favorite object of his heart, and the happy 
reward for sharing the mutual cares, dangers and labors of his 
countrymen. 

The birth of true religion appeared to him the one thing 
needful in the spring of political life. On this topic he employed 
all the energies of his mind; and in words worthy to be written 
in letters of gold, emphatically besought his countrymen to 
guard with holiest care " the unity of the government,' ' as the 
main pillar and palladium of their liberty, their independence, 
and everything most dear to them on earth. 

The constancy of the support of the people was the essential 
prop of his efforts and guaranteed to him the plans that were 
effected. 

Profoundly impressed with the necessity of the people's con- 
tinued faithfulness to their vows, he appealed that heaven might 
continue to distribute the choicest tokens of its beneficence to 
the people, that union and brotherly affection might be per- 
petual ; that the free constitution might be sacredly maintained ; 
that its administration in every department might be stamped 
with wisdom and virtue ; that, in fine, the happiness of the 
people in the thirteen States, under the auspices of liberty, might 
be made complete, by so careful a preservation and so prudent a 
use of this blessing, as will acquire to them the glory of recom- 
mending it to the applause, the affection and adoption of every 
nation which is yet a stranger to it. 

Love of liberty was interwoven into every fiber of his heart; 
no recommendation is necessary to fortify or confirm the attach- 
ment. 

The unity of government, which we now enjoy, was dear to 
Washington, and justly so, for it was the main pillar in the 
edifice of the real independence of the people ; their support 
and tranquillity at home ; their peace abroad ; their safety and 
prosperity ; that very liberty which they so highly prized. 

Washington's great love for the people of his country made 
him zealous for their collective and individual happiness — en- 
treating them to cherish a cordial, habitual and immovable at- 
tachment for each other, accustom themselves to think and speak 
of their love of country as of the palladium of their political 
safety and prosperity ; to watch for its preservation with jealous 
anxiety; to discountenance whatever may suggest even a sus- 



39 

picion that it can, in any event, be abandoned, and indignantly, 
to frown upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any 
portion of their country from the rest, or to enfeeble the sacred 
ties which now link together that which they should accustom 
themselves to reverence. 

The name of America inspired the father of our country with 
pride and kindled in his warm heart an unquenchable fire of 
patriotism, illuminating his soul with " malice toward none, and 
charity for all." 

Washington was of the same noble spirit as the British Ad- 
miral Blake, one of the bravest and best patriots in the English 
navy, who, with all his dislike for Oliver Cromwell, fought gal- 
lantly under him, and with his dying breath exhorted his men 
"to love their country as a common mother, and no matter 
what hands the government might fall into to fight for her like 
good children.' ' So Washington was often called to obey men 
greatly his inferiors, and to execute orders which he entirely 
disapproved, but he was never known to falter. Sensible of the 
infinite importance of union and order to the good of his coun- 
try, he ever yielded a prompt obedience to her will, and not con- 
tent with setting us through, life so fair an example, he leaves 
us at his death this blessed advice : ' ' Your government claims 
your utmost confidence and support. Respect for its authority , 
compliance with its laws, acquiescence in its measures, are du- 
ties enjoined by the fundamental maxims of true liberty. The 
basis of our political system is the right of the people to make 
and alter their constitutions of government. But the Constitu- 
tion, w 7 hich at any time exists until changed by an explicit and 
authentic act of the whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon 
all." 

A life how useful to his country led! 
How loved while living! how revered, now dead! 
Lisp! lisp his name, ye children yet unborn, 
And with like deeds your own great name adorn. 



40 

OUR CHIEFTAIN, WASHINGTON. 

He knelt where Heaven's delicious breath 

Perfumed the woods with crimson leaf, 
Here Washington, God's throne besieged 

To bring his countrymen relief. 
Deep anguish like a whirlwind swept 

Our noble chieftain's heart with care, 
Till quietly away he steals 

And whispers to his God in prayer. 

The guns boom loud — the smoke ascends, 

But through it all Jehovah sees 
That bending form, that pale young brow, 

Pleading beneath the hickory trees. 
Oh, suffering, struggling leader, thou 

Hast won sweet mercy from the skies, 
Cheer up, brave heart, the clouds dispel, 

It is no mirage that thine eyes 

See through the cannonaded air, 

But the dear stars and glorious stripes 
That float in signal triumph there. 

Hark! hear him tell those boys in blue, 
Amid the drops of crimson rain, 

"Whene'er you feel like faltering — go 
And pray, for Heaven will sustain." 

— [A. E. Thomas. 

GEN. WASHINGTON'S GENERAL ORDER, AUG. 3, 1776. 
"That the troops may have an opportunity of attending public wor- 
ship, as well as to take some rest after the great fatigue they have gone 
through, the General, in future, excuses them from fatigue duty on 
Sundays, except at the shipyards, or on special occasions, until further 
orders. The General is sorry to be informed that the foolish and wicked 
practice of profane cursing and swearing, a vice hitherto little known 
in an American army, is growing into fashion. He hopes the officers 
will, by example as well as influence, endeavor to check it, and that 
both they and the men will reflect that we can have little hope of the 
blessing of heaven on our arms, if we insult it by our impiety and folly. 
Added to this, it is a vice so mean and low, without any temptation, 
that every man of sense and character detests and despises it." 

GOLDEN SENTIMENTS TO THE MEMORY OF WASHING- 
TON FROM THE SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF PATRIOTS. 

Washington fought not for fame, but for liberty. Let his name be 
perpetuated and each recurring birthday anniversary celebrated. — Jane 
C Harvey, Minn. 

"First in peace, first in war, and first in the hearts of his country- 
men," was appropriately said of him. He rose above partisanship. He 
knew no section, party or creed. — T. E. Hickman, Ark. 

Washington was the brightest type of American manhood that any 
nation has produced; his deeds are a monument to a well-spent life, and 
bis work for his country will never die. — Ann M. Kocher, Penn. 

O, immortal Washington;! Thou greatest of America's uncrowned 
kings, in the unselfishness of thy love of home and native land, we 
would approach within the halo of thy greatness, and adorn thy brow 
with the laurel.— Robt. M. Smith, 111. 



41 

Let all true American boys and girls resolve on the anniversary 
of Washington's birthday, that they will imitate in their own life, as 
far as lies within their power, the pre-eminent patriotism of the ''Father 
of his country." — Burt Stone, la. 

Well does February 226. deserve a place among our national holidays; 
it recalls to us the bright name on history's page, that of Washington, 
who fought for our independence, established our government, and 
secured the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity. — Lillian 
Knight, Minn. 

To Washington more than any other we owe the existence of our 
glorious Union. It was he who steered the newly-constructed Ship of 
State through the raging sea of disordered finance, prostrated commerce, 
ruined credit and exhausted resources into the placid waters that have 
brought us to our present greatness. What emotions of gratitude swell 
our hearts when we mention that significant synonym of our free institu- 
tions — Washington. — John E. Haslacker, West Va. 

Washington was greater than all other men, simply because he was 
always true to himself and his duty. We can all do this if we only will. 
Let us begin now on the opening of our school, and never give up till 
the victory is won. It is in this that all "progress and patriotism" lies. 
Let us remember with pride that Washington was an American and we 
are Americans. We must do our very best, as he did. Then, and only 
then, shall we have nothing to fear in the morning and nothing to regret 
at night. That is to live and be free. — Christian Simenson, Minn. 

We see unfurled proudly to the breeze, from the school-houses, from 
the public and private buildings of city and hamlet, the stars and stripes, 
emblem of a free and independent country, liberated from the oppressive 
rule of British sovereignty by the valor and discretion of Washington. 
May we fully realize the benefits of a government of the people, for the 
people and by the people, and pay a glowing tribute of respect to the 
nation, by celebrating the day that gave birth to the Father of our 
Country. — Henry J. Buchen, Wis. 

GENERAL MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE AND HIS LOVE FOR 

AMERICA. 



H. D. KSTABROOK. 



France, I salute you! In the name of Lafayette, whom you sent to 
us; in the name of Washington, whom we return to you, America joins 
with you, O sister of liberty, in that shout which yet shall engirdle the 
earth — ''The king is dead; long live the republic!" 

My countrymen, I have preached my sermon in advance. I propose 
to illustrate it by the life work of one man; not a genius, but a sane 
man, as Washington was sane; a good man, as Washington was good; 
a man who, born to every extrinsic advantage for which we worldings 
moil — title, riches, social caste — flung all his birthrights to the winds, and 
then reconquered from the world the homage of mankind, and from 
heaven the approval of Jehovah. 

History has enshrined him; humanity may not forget him. France 
calls him father. Surely America, in whose name and for whose sake 
he yielded the title of "noble" for that of "man," bartered the coronet 
of a marquis for the toga of a citizen, giving to the word "citizen," in- 
deed, a significance and glory. America, whose Washington clasped 
him to his heart of hearts, and called him son — surely, my countrymen, 
America will recall them thus forever joined — Washington and Lafayette. 



42 



LINCOLN'S ADDRESS AT GETTYSBURG. 
President Lincoln's address when, the National Cemetery at 
Sle word!! ' WaS dedlCat6d November ^ l86 3, was in these memor- 
"Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this 
continent a new Nation, conceived in Liberty,' and dedicated °to the 
proposition that all men are created equal ueaicatea to the 

''Now we are engaged in a great Civil war, testing whether that Na- 
tion or any Nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure 

We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come here 
to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for thTse who 
here gave their lives that that Nation might live 

It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this 

But m a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate we 
can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who 
struggled here, have consecrated it far above our powef to add or detract 

The world will little note or long remember what we say here- but 
it ran never forget what they did here. ' 

"It is for us the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished 
work which they who fought here have, thus far, so nobly advanced 
fnr , ♦? tl l e J f ° r "u S t0 t e here dedi ^ted to the great task remainingbe- 
fore us; that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that 
cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here 
highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this Na- 
tion under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government 

earth e " Pe ° P ' * " P& ° Plt and f ° r the pe0ple ' sha11 not Perifh fr^the 
GOLDEN WORDS OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 
The name that dwells on every tongue 
No minstrel needs. 

ter'th°an gold°"' d ™ '^ ^^ hM Hv ' ng ' braVe atld P atriotic men ar e bet- 

m *!tii ?h mt » k€ the common P e °P le , or he would not have made so 
iiidny oi incm. 

J2 T ' ndeed Yer ^ gr ^^"l t0 the brave men who have been struggling 
with the enemy in the field. 

habIt h it." C0Untry ' Whh hS institutions > belongs to the people who in- 

J'^f U M baVe that j aith that "ght makes might, and in that faith let us, 
«4?u ' ° do onr dut y as we understand it " 

tl,. lV-l r , e \ SOn f abl ! ?u an haS long ? ince a ^ reed that intemperance is one of 
the greatest, if not the greatest, of all evils among mankind " 

f .,-rin h r e ^ Ur Ff 6S ^A'mighty are perfect and must prevail, though we 
elr /ng mortals may fail to accurately perfect them in advance " 

1,wll J^ P ' Whe ? they rise in mass in behalf of the Union and the 
norprevaif agafnstXS' ''"^ "^ " * ^ '^ ^ ° f bdl can 

t,eo I nll? P «n I H t nnf OU -^ ain r? constantI y bear in mind that with you (the 
seekers h,n w£l Pphticians. not with Presidents, not with office- 

libert^ n thT^ y ? U ' l S the ^tion. shall the Union, and shall the 
liberties of the country be preserved to the last generation." 

write 2d ?J!gLpher'° P ' ^^ Md ^^ bUt & V6ry m ™^ 
riritow (Vrftf tOWard n '° ne - with charity for all, with firmness in the 
wf are in tA A " S *?, ^V^ "£ ht ' ,et us strive °' n to ^^ the work 

have borne ?hehi! JP *$ ^T & w , ounds; t0 care for him who shall 
™ V f ,X the battle, and for Ins widow and orphans; to do all which 

with all na'tions ^ * JUSt and laSting P«"* ™°W ourselvefana 



43 

GOLDEN ADVICE TO THE AMERICAN YOUTH. 

"I owe my success to one single fact, namely: That at the age of 
twenty-seven I commenced and continued for years the process of daily 
reading and speaking upon the contents of some historical and scientific 
book. These off-hand efforts were made sometimes in a corn field, at 
others in a forest, and, not unfrequently in some distant barn, with the 
horse and ox for my auditors. It is to this early practice of the great 
art of oratory that I am indebted for the primary and leading impulses 
that stimulated me forward, and have shaped and moulded my entire sub- 
sequent destiny. Improve, young gentlemen, the superior advantages 
you here enjoy. Let not a day pass without exercising your powers of 
speech. There is no power like that of oratory. Caesar controlled men 
by exciting their fears; Cicero, by captivating their affections and sway- 
ing their passions. The influence of one perished with its author, that of 
the other continues to this day." — Henry Clay. 

— Pier po nit. 

THAT CARTOON OF '91. 

[Doubtless there are many persons who will remember the cartoon of Decoration Day 
for '91, in Puck, in which the artist has pictured " Reconciliation " twining garlands of 
flower s lovingly around a monument containing the statues of Grant, Sherman and Sheri- 
dan, and also one containing those of Lee, Jackson and Johnston, the same garland 
reaching from North to South, while the woman of the North and the woman of the 
South, garlanded with wreaths the graves of their dead, casting at the same time sus- 
picious glances towards each other, as the child of the North and the child of the South, 
in blissful ignorance and loving innocence, exchange flowers from their mother's 
baskets. The lesson is a beautiful one, and well has the artist portrayed it.] 

It was only a simple cartoon — 

But sweet was the lesson it taught, 
Of love and tears alike for all, 

Who the battle so bravely fought. 
Yes, love and tears, after many- years, 

We will strew with the flowers we've brought. 

Fling the garlands we twine from North to South; 

Let them float alike o'er all. 
So bravely each marched to the cannon's mouth, 

Alike in death to fall. 
Whether friend or foe while here below, 

Above there is love for all. 

Aye, "a little child the world shall lead." 

We will mingle our flowers in peace; 
We will sheathe the sword we no longer meed, 

And hatred and anger shall cease. 
From the shadow of strife which darkened our life, 

Forever we'll seek release. 

Ah! well hath the artist the lesson learned; 

He hath read between the limes; 
"Except ye become as a little child," 

So a garland for all he twines. 
While the child of the North with the child of the South, 

The flowers of love combines. 

— Lue Semans Hadley, 



44 
MEMORIAL DAY. 

"Hats off to the veterans on Memorial Day! Carry high the stars and 
stripes they love so dearly, that God's sunlight may glorify them; that 
the free winds may be burdened, thanks to them; that the smallest child 
may see them clearly and add his youthful cheer to the heart-cry that 
greets them as they pass! Hats off to the battle flags as they are borne 
silently to the bivouac of the dead! 

"Off with your hat as the flag goes by 

And let the heart have its say! 
You're man enough for a tear in your eye 

That you will not wipe away." 

"And when the thin blue line has faded in the distance, when the battle 
flags have been borne out of vision, when the last echo of the bugle has 
died away, do not, dear boys and girls, when returning to your peaceful 
homes, forget the duty you owe to the veterans. The honor, the very 
existence of the nation, depends on their memory being held in loving, 
grateful remembrance. Every year there are more mounds to decorate. 
Ere long there will be no old veterans left alone to decorate them. Let 
the patriotic seeds thus sown, continue to bear their harvest with the boys 
and girls, filling the ranks of the veterans, and continue the beautiful and 
impressive ceremony of strewing sweet blossoms over the graves of the 
silent army, of the Nation's heroes." 

"Give them the chaplets they won in the strife, 
Give them the laurels they lost with their life. 
Crown in your hearts those dead heroes of ours 
And cover them over with beautiful flowers." 

— Veteran. 

THE BALLOT BOX. 

"A weapon that comes down as still 

As smowflakes fall upon the sod; 
But executes a freeman's will, 

As lightning does the will of God; 
And from its force nor doors nor locks 

Can shield you — 'tis the ballot box." 



— Anon. 



THE BOY FOR ME. 

The boy that holds his head erect 

And speaks politely — he 
Will keep abreast of every good; 

Oh, that's the boy for me. 
That studies during study time. 

And scorns his task to shirk, 
Assists his mates — but that same boy 

Must play as well as work. 

He need not try to be a man, 

Nor seek for manly joys. 
Oh, no! For what would this world be 

Without our gladsome boys? 
First at his books, first at his play, 

In kite-time flv his kite. 
'Tis not a man I'd have him be, 

But a roguish boy despite. 



45 

The head erect, the speech polite, 

The lesson learned — the play 
Enjoyed with youth's delightful zest 

And hope's inspiring ray. 
Then, boys, all hold your heads erect, 

And speak politely, too, 
While every day your hearts expand 

To become good and true. 

Faultless you cannot be, my boy, 

But raise your standard high. 
Honor is boyhoods noblest guest — 

Sight her with youth's bright eye. 
Do not let your courage fail. 

Though disappointed oft; 
Shake out the folds of discontent, 

And keep your eye aloft. 



THE MAN WITH THE MUSKET. 

Soldiers, pass on from this rage of renown, 

This ant-hill commotion and strife, 
Pass by where the marbles and bronzes look down 

With their fast-frozen gestures of life, 
On out to the nameless who lie 'neath the gloom 

Of the pitying cypress and pine; 
Your man is the man of the sword and the plume, 

But the man of the musket is mine. 

I knew him! By all that is noble, I knew 

This commonplace hero I name! 
I've camped with him, marched with him, fought with him, too, 

In the swirl of the fierce battle-flame! 
Laughed with him, cried with him, taken a part 

Of his canteen and blanket, and know 
That the throb of this chivalrous prairie boy's heart 
Was an answering stroke of my own. 

I knew him, I tell you! And also I knew, 

When he fell on the battle-swept ridge, 

That the poor battered body that lay there in blue 

Was only a plank in the bridge, 
Over which some should pass to a fame 

That shall shine while the high stars shall shine! 
Your hero is known by an echoing name, 

But the man of the musket is mine. 

I knew him! All through him the good and the bad 

Ran together and equally free; 
But 1 judge as I trust Christ will judge the brave lad, 

For death made him noble to me! 
In the cyclone of wa*, in the battle's eclipse, 

Life shook out its lingering sands, 
And he died with the names that he loved on his lips, 

His musket still grasped in his hands! 
Up close to the flag my soldier went down, 

In the salient front of the line. 
You may take for your heroes the men of renown, 

But the man of the musket is mine! 

— Rev. Howard S. Taylor, 111. 



46 

NATIVE LAND. 

Breathes there the man with soul so dead 
Who never to himself hath said, 
This is my own, my native land! 
Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned, 
As home his footsteps he hath turned 
From wandering on a foreign strand? 
If such there breathe, go, mark him well; 
For him no minstrel raptures swell; 
High though his titles, proud his name, 
Boundless his wealth as wish can claim, 
Despite these titles, power, and pelf, 
The wretch, concentered all in self, 
Living, shall forfeit fair renown, 
And, doubly dying, shall go down 
To the vile dust from whence he sprung, 
Unwept, unhonored and unsung. 



-Sir Walter Scott. 



THE OLD GUARD. 

I heard the ringing bugle-call, the drums that loudly beat, 
And country folk were gathered in throngs on every street. 
In thoughtful mood, the farmers, with comely country dame, 
The joyous lads and lassies, from far and near they came. 
While portico and balcony, house-top and window bars 
Were decked with loyal mottoes, with waving Stars and Stripes. 
I asked a passing soldier — young, fair, erect and strong — 
The meaning of the muster, and all that loyal throng. 
He gracefully saluted, then proudly did he sav, 
"The Thirteenth Indiana are off for the war today." 

— A. A. McLaughlin, 115 N. Y. Infantry, 



WHEN ALL ARE GONE. 

"When all are gome, the maimed and weary-hearted, 

When 'taps' have sounded and the lights are out, 
When the last veteran from his friends has parted, 

And Death has put the valiant force to rout — 
Then shall we hear their praise sung aloud; 

Then will Columbia of her sons be proud." 
There sounded the tread of marching feet: 

Stately, slow, not the haste of retreat; 
Colors tossed high in the April breeze 

And kissed the budding forest trees; 
The drum had a voice not heard before, 

Its throbbing said: "We fight no more!" 
We are coming home! Rejoice, Oh land! 

And thrill to the tread of each valiant band. 

—Mrs. N. B. Morange. 



47 

And I saw a phantom army come, 
With never a sound of fife or drum, 
But keeping time to a muffled hum, 

Of wailing and lamentation! 
The martyred heroes of Malvern Hill, 
Of Gettysburg and Chancellorsville, 
The men whose wasted figures fill 

The patriot graves of the Nation. 



-Bret Harte„ 



Over a quarter century's passed since when 
We organized for war the mounted men, 
Departed to the front, to ride and fight, 
To battle for the Union they thought right; 
Endure all sorts of hardships and yet stay 
To see the end or die — it was their way. 
From school, from college, farm, shop or trade, 
Right cheerfully they joined the Horse-brigade — 
Accoutrements and steed each one secured; 
Eats his rough rations, smiles as he endured. 
Did it to the end, might do it again, 
The gallant, armed with rifles, mounted men. 

— Edward S. Creamer. 



The rebels Fort Sumter were storming, 

And treason was flaunting in glee, 
Secession's battalions were forming 

To humble the stars of the free; 
But up sprang each brave Northern ranger, 

The swords of their fathers they drew; 
When freedom's fair land was in danger 

'Twas saved by our Brave Boys in Blue. 

— M. Victor Staley. 

The eagle flew; the flag unfurled! 

A shock electric thrilled the world 

For oft had liberty been sought, 

And oft with blood and suffering bought; 

But all who hailed its early day, 

Had seen its radiance fade away 

In luxury and selfish strife; 

But now the Bible gave it life, 

And now this truth shone like the sun 

That liberty and God are one. 

—I. W. Dunbar. 

Thy sacred leaves, fair Freedom's flower, 
Shall ever float on dome and tower, 
To all their heavenly colors true. 
The blackening frost or crimson dew, 
And God love us as we love thee, 
Thrice holy Flower of Liberty, 
Then hail the banner of the free 
The Starry Flower of Liberty. 

— Oliver Wendell Holmes. 



48 

INSPIRING QUOTATIONS AND EXTRACTS FROM PATRI- 
OTIC ADDRESSES. 

To prepare for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving 
peace. 

Interwoven is the love of liberty with every ligament of the heart. 

Without virtue and without regularity, the finest talents and the most 
brilliant accomplishments can never gain the respect and conciliate the 
esteem of the truly valuable part of mankind. — George Washington. 

"Washington had conquered. It was the victory of a great and good 
man in a great and good cause." 

Humanity has won its suit in America, so that liberty will never more 
be without an asylum. — Marquis de Lafayette. 

In my opinion there never was a good war or a bad peace. 
•Energy and persistence conquer all things. — Benjamin Franklin. 

Of those men who have overturned the liberties of republics, the great- 
est number have begun their career by paying an obsequious court to the 
people; commencing demagogues and ending tyrants. — Alexander Hamil- 
ton. 

Sir, I would rather be right than to be President. — Henry Clay. 

Every man must be for the United States or against it. There can be 
no neutrals in this war — only patriots or traitors. — Stephen A. Douglass, 
1861. 

Force is all conquering, but its victories areshort-lived. 
Knavery and flattery are blood relations. — Abraham Lincoln. 

One flag, one land, one heart, one hand, 

One nation ever more! — Oliver Wendell Holmes. 

"Show me the generals and statesmen who stood foremost, that I may 
bend to them in reverence." 

Intellect is stronger than cannon. — Theodore Parker. 

Yesterday the greatest question was decided that was ever debated in 
America. A resolution was passed without one dissenting colony, that 
these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent 
States. — John Adams. 

"The Gordian knot is cut," exclaimed John Adams, in 1776, when he 
was informed that Congress recommended all the colonies to form inde- 
pendent governments. 

I rejoice in nothing more than this movement, recently so prominently 
developed, of placing a starry banner above every school house. I have 
been charged with too sentimental appreciation of the flag. I will not 
enter upon any defense. God pity the American citizen who does not 
love it, who does not see in it the story of our great free institutions, and 
the hope of the home as well as the Nation. — Benjamin Harrison. 

We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal; 
that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; 
that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. — Thomas 
Jefferson. 



49 

A star for every State, and a State for every star. — Robert C. Winthrop. 

If we are true to our country, in our day and generation, and those who 
come after us shall be true to it also, assuredly shall we elevate her to a 
pitch of prosperity and happiness, of honor and power, never yet reached 
by any nation beneath the sun. — Col. Geo. T. Balch. 

I will face the enemy until I die. — Gen. Nicholas Herkimer. 

What the Puritans gave the world was not thought, but action. 
One on God's side is a majority. — Wendell Phillips. 

The union of hearts, the union of hands, 

And the flag of our Union forever. — G. P. Morris. 

Let the rising generation be inspired with an ardent love for their 
country, an unquenchable thirst for liberty, and a profound reverence for 
the Constitution and the Union. Let the American youth never forget 
that they possess a noble inheritance, bought by the toils and sufferings 
and blood of their ancestors — Story. 

Go ring the bells, and fire the guns, 

And fling the starry banner out: 
Shout "Freedom!" till your lisping ones 

Give back their cradle shout. — Whittier. 

I will be as harsh as truth and as uncompromising as justice. — William 
Lloyd Garrison. 

Before men made us citizens, great Nature made us men. 
Slow are the steps of Freedom, but her feet turn never backward. — 
Lowell. 

"Let independence be our boast 
Ever mindful what it cost." 

The Declaration of Independence, with a voice of an angel from heaven, 
"put to his mouth the. sounding alchemy," and proclaimed universal 
emancipation upon earth. — John Quincy Adams. 

"Under spread ensigns moving high 
In slow but firm battalions." 

Patriotism is not the mere holding of our flag unfurled, but making it 
the goodliest, grandest, and greatest in the world. — W. F. 

We join ourselves to no party that does not carry the flag and keep 
step to the music of the Union. — Rufus Choate. 

"Men who their duties know, 

But know their rights, and knowing, dare maintain." 

America! half brother of the world! 

With something good and bad of every land, 
Greater than thee have lost their seat — 

Greater scarce none can stand. — P. J. Bailey. 

He that does good for good's sake, seeks neither praise nor reward, 
though sure of both at last. — William Penn. 

Every freeman was a host and felt as though himself were he on whose 
sole arm hung victory. 



50 

Love is never lost. If not reciprocated it will flow back and soften and 
purify the heart. — Washington Irving. 

Character is higher than intellect; a great soul will be strong to live, as 
well as strong to think. — Ralph Waldo Emerson. 

Then conquer we must, for our cause it is just, 
And this be our motto, "In God is our trust." 

I love America and every thing American. — Mrs. Levi P. Morton. 

We judge ourselves by what we feel capable of doing, while others 
judge us by what we have already done. — Henry W. Longfellow. 

There is room in this country for only one flag, and "Old Glory" must 
head the procession, or it can not march.: — Chauncey M. Depew. 

The phrase, "public office is a public trust," has of late become common 
property. — Charles Sumner. 

Every good citizen makes his country's honor his own, and cherishes 
it, not only as precious, but as sacred. He is willing to risk his life in 
its "defense, and is conscious that he gains protection while he gives it. 
OurFederal Union, it must be preserved. — Andrew Jackson. 

Oh! never shall the land forget 
How gushed the life-blood of her brave, — 

Gushed warm with hope and courage yet 
Upon the soil they sought to save. — Bryant. 

Then said the mother to the son, 

And pointed to his shield — 
"Come with it when the battle's done, 

Or on it from the field." — Robert Montgomery. 

I am not a Virginian, but an American. 

I repeat it, sir; we must fight! An appeal to arms and to the God of 
Hosts is all that is left us. 

Our chains are forged. Their clanking may be heard on the plains of 
Boston. 

Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of 
chains and slavery? Forbid it Almighty God! I know not what course 
others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death! — 
Patrick Henry. 

There are two freedoms, the false, where a man is free to do what he 
likes; the true, where a man is free to do what he ought. — Charles Kings- 
ley. 

Peace hath her victories, 

No less renowned than war. — Milton. 

The proper qualities of a general are judgment and deliberation. — Gen. 
Benj. Lincoln. 

The kindred blood which flows in the veins of American citizens, the 
mingled blood which they have shed in defense of their sacred rights, con- 
secrate their union. — James Madison, 



51 

What I am, I owe to my country. 

The true prosperity and greatness of a Nation is to be found in the 
elevation and education of its laborers. 

I do not believe in luck in war any more than luck in business. Luck 
is a small matter; may affect a battle or a movement, but not a campaign 
or a career. 

We believe that we have a good government worthy fighting for, and. 
if need be, dying for. — U. S. Grant. 

School houses are the Republic's line of fortifications. 

Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, with- 
out which neither justice nor freedom can be permanently maintained. 

There are some things I am afraid of: I am afraid to do a mean 
thing. 

The children of today will be the architects of our country's destiny in 
1900. — James A. Garfield. 

When Washington declined a military escort on the occasion of his 
inauguration (1789), he said, "I require no guard but the affection of the 
people." — Edward Everett. 

Under God we are determined that wheresoever, whensoever, or how- 
soever we shall be called to make our exit, we will die free men. — Josiah 
Quincy. 

"The soldier's warfare all is done, 

Life's wandering marches o'er; 
God gave him rest among the blest 

In heaven for evermore." 

The British summoned the garrison to surrender, or no quarter would 
be given. Colonel Greene replied, "W r e ask no quarter, nor will we give 
any." 

Such is the patriots boast, where'er we roam, 
His first, best country ever is home. — Goldsmith. 

Necessity is the argument of tyrants; it is the creed of slavery. — William 
Pitt. 

Be just, and fear not; let the ends thou aim'st at, be thy country's, 
thy God's, and truth's. 

I love my country's good, with a respect more tender, more holy and 
profound, than my whole life. — Shakespeare. 

Then join hands, brave Americans all; 

By uniting we stand, dividing we fall. — John Dickinson. 

It's faith in something, an enthusiasm for something that makes a life 
worth looking at. — Holmes. 

I love freedom better than slavery. I will speak her words; I will 
listen to her music; I will acknowledge her impulses; I will stand be- 
neath her flag; I will fight in her ranks; and when I do so, I shall find 
myself surrounded by the great, the wise, the good, the brave, the noble, 
of every land. — E. D. Baker. 

Not the stars and stripes, but what they stand for needs enphasizing. — 
E. L. Hendricks. 



52 

But the colonial time-piece kept ticking, ticking, to the pressure of the 
English Government, the giant wheels playing calmly, till 1775, when 
there was a strange stir and buzz within the case. But the sixtieth minute 
came and the clock struck. The world heard: , The battle of Lexing- 
ton, one; the Declaration of Independence, two; the surrender of 
Burgoyne, three; the siege of Yorktown, four; the treaty of Paris, five; 
the inauguration of Washington, six; and then it was sunrise of the new 
day, of which we have seen yet only the glorious forenoon. — Thomas 
Starr King. 

"An age like this demands 

Great minds, brave hearts, 
And strong and willing hands; 

Men whom the lust of office can not kill; 
Men whom the spoils of office can not buy; 

Men who possess opinions and a will; 
Men who can legislate and dare not lie." 

-Even the celestial hemisphere has caught the inspiration by an oc- 
casional patriotic display of the Aurora Borealis illuminating the north- 
ern horizon with an immense outline of the stars and stripes in blue, red 
and white light, studded with dazzling white crystal stars in a wavy sea 
of etherial blue, suspended from the heavens by golden halyards, held, as 
it were, by unseen hands of our departed heroes, who died that patriotism 
and the dear old flag might live in the hearts of their countrymen. — W. F. 

The mountain njnmph, sweet Liberty. — -John Milton. 

Oh, God of our fathers! this banner must shine 
Where battle is hottest, in warfare divine; 
The cannon has thundered, the bugle has blown, 
We fear not the summons, we fight not alone. 
Oh, lead us till wide from the gulf to the sea 
The land shall be sacred to freedom and Thee. 
With love for the oppressed, with blessings for scars, 
One country, one banner — the stripes and the stars. 

— [Edna Dean Proctor.. 

These are the times that try men's souls. — Thomas Paine. 

Lay me down and save the flag. — Col. James Mulligan. 

With patriotism in our hearts and with the flag of our country in the 
hands of our children there is no danger of anarchy and there will be no 
danger to the Union. — Wm, McKinley, Jr. 

Let us give thanks for sentiment — that sentiment that makes us love 
and reverence our emblem as represented in our own flag. No child in 
the public schools at New Orleans can enter the school house without 
passing under the flag and this is due to the influence of women in a rebel 
city. 

r The price of our flag is broken hearts and blood and the flag belongs 
to women, since they gave their only begotten sons to save the country. 
— Mrs. E. Florence Barker, First National President W. R. C. 

I have served my country under the flag of the Union for more than 
fifty years; and as long as God permits me to live I will defend that flag 
with my sword, even if my own State assails it — Lieut.-Gen. Winfield 
Scott. 



53 

Patriots in peace assert the people's .right, 

With noble stubbornness resisting might. — Dryden. 

Years have left no scar of battle, 

But at times I seem to see 
Those bold heroes on King's Mountain 

Turn a nation's destiny. — S. B. K. 

If I had my way I would hang the flag in every school room and at- 
tempt to impress upon all the supreme value of their inheritance. — Prof. 
Andrew S. Draper. 

A nation without a national government is an awful spectacle. 

I am unmoved by any rancor or spirit of hatred, God forbid; but I am 
a Union soldier, and I love my flag, and I say here, and I will say every- 
where, that for Americans there is but one flag — the flag of Bunker Hill, 
and Saratoga, and Yorktown; the flag of Lundy's Lane, Lake Champlain, 
and Erie, and New Orleans; the flag of Scott, McDonough, Perry and 
Jackson; the flag of Lincoln, the flag of Hancock, the flag of Grant, the 
flag of Washington. It is the only fla'g which represents the right, and 
in our charity let us not forget the difference between right and wrong. — 
Gen. Daniel E. Sickles. 

But the men and women who were the actors during the great Civil 
War did not do your work. That lies before you. You are living in a 
grand time; rise to the full measure of your possibilities and your life 
will be sublime. A true Christian character is the sure foundation of a 
successful life. Store your mind with useful knowledge. Set the glori- 
ous flag flying everywhere; lift it over every school-house. Teach your 
children what it symbolizes, what the principles at the foundation of our 
government are. Eschew evil, fear God, and this Republic will continue 
to be what it now is, the fairest among the nations of the earth. — Annie 
Witenmyer. 

Who could not love and respect our beautiful flag of America, and say, 
long may it wave over the land of the free and the true? The bravery we 
boast let it not be the love of war and bloodshed oif o»ur fellowmen, be- 
cause they do not entertain the same opinion and all have one mind and 
spirit as we have. But to this end, gentle law-makers, God-fearing men, 
can keep the peace and win maey on the side of truth and virtue. The 
United States, the States that are united, must stand together as one 
— "United we stand, divided we fall." The good and the true must hold 
it together. Union must be the watchword. Love of country is not love 
of party.— Mrs. J. M. D. F. 

Oh, sons of Massachusetts, first to rally, first to die! 

The patriot fire within your hearts, its light within your eye, 

First gave to freedom's faltering heart the promise of the cheer. 

— Anna Phillips Clarke. 

"England may as well dam up the waters of the Nile with bullrushes as 
to fetter the step of Freedom, more proud and firm in this younthful land 
than where she treads the sequestered glens of Scotland or couches her- 
self among the magnificent mountains of Switzerland." — Lydia Maria 
Child. 

"Spurn, spurn despair! be great, be free! 

With giant strength arise; 
Stretch, stretch thy pinions, Liberty, 
Thy flag plant in the skies." 



54 

And everywhere 

The slender, graceful spars 

Pose aloft in the air, 

And at the masthead, 

White, blue, red, 

A flag unrolls — the Stripes and Stars. 

Oh! when the wanderer, lonely, friendless, 

In foreign harbors shall behold 

The flag unrolled, 

'Twill be as a friendly hand 

Stretched out from his native land, 

Filling his heart with memories sweet and endless! 

— Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. 

There are two things holy — the flag, which represents military honor, 
and the law, which represents the national right. — Victor Hugo. 

"Our Union is river, lake, ocean, and sky, 
Man breaks not the medal, when God cuts the die; 
Though darkened with sulphur, tho' cloven with steel, 
The blue arch will brighten, the waters will heal." 

Let our object be our country, our whole country, and nothing but our 
country; and, by the blessing of God, may that country itself become a 
vast and splendid monument, not of oppression and terror, but of wisdom, 
of peace, and of liberty, upon which the world may gaze with admiration 
forever. 

On the diffusion of education among the -people, rests the preservation 
and perepetuation of our free institutions. 
Whatever makes men good Christians, makes them good citizens. 
I was born an American; I live an American; I shall die an American. 
One country, one constitution, one destiny. — Daniel Webster. 

There is great need of educated men in our public life, but it is the need 
of educated men with patriotism. — Grover Cleveland. 

The real and true patriot is not the man that seeks after vainglory, but 
he who tries to make his country better by his conduct, and his way of 
living, and is proud of his country and people, and does what is needful 
to uphold and maintain the laws. — Rev. E. C. Balles. 

Democracy means not, "I am as good as you are/' but "You are as 
good as I am." — Theo. Parker. 

John Adams was the orator of that Revolution, the Revolution in which 
a nation was born. — Choate. 

Take from your flag its folds of gloom, 

And let it float undimmed above, 
Till over all our vales shall bloom, 

The sacred colors that we love. — Phoebe Carey. 

"Between the patriot and the politician 

There is this difference known: 
The former seeks his country's good 

The latter seeks his own." 



. 55 

"Men who are animated with heroic sentiments, and imbued with 
patriotic spirit, invariably live longer than others. The fifty-six signers 
of the Declaration of Independence arrived at a great age, and all died 
more calmly, than the same number of men ever engaged in any im- 
portant national event." 

I'm tired of being^told it is a crime to use the word American. If it 
is a crime for me to say that I owe my first allegiance to this country, 
then I am certainly a criminal. America is for Americans, no matter 
whether they be naturalized or native born. — Kate Field. 

"The victory, like a midnight sun, 

Burst forth with dazzling glory, 
But after the fierce triumph won 

We knew a darker story." 

"Our flag is the banner of dawn. It means Liberty; the galley slave, 
the poor oppressed conscript, the down-trodden creature of foreign 
despotism, sees in the American flag that very promise and prediction of 
God, "The people which sat in darkness saw a great light, and to them 
which sat in the region and shadow of death light is sprung up." 



What can any man do against our flag? Let him have mounted ever 
so high upon the roll of honor, let him have entrenched himself ever so 
strongly in the affection of the people; if he lifts his hand against the flag 
he falls at once. — Gen. Harrison at Old Forge, N. Y., July 26, 1896. 

Our flag carries American ideas, American history and American 
feelings. Beginning with the colonies, and coming down to our time, 
in its sacred heraldry, in its glorious insignia, it has gathered and stored 
chiefly this supreme idea: Divine right of liberty in man. Every color 
means liberty; every form of star and beam or stripe of light means 
liberty; not lawlessness, not license, but organized institutional liberty — 
liberty through law, and laws for liberty. It is a whole national history. 
It is the Constitution. It is the government. It is the free people that 
stand in the government on the constitution. — Rev. Henry Ward Beecher. 

So through the night rode Paul Revere, 
And so through the night went his cry of alarm 
To every Middlesex village and farm. — Longfellow. 

What eloquence do the stars breathe when their full significance is 
known; a new constellation, union, perpetuity, a covenant against op- 
pression, justice, equality, subordination, courage and purity. — Rear 
Admiral George H. Preble. 

Death never comes too soon, if necessary in defense of the liberties of 
gur country.— Judge Story. 



56 

I will treasure up the memory of the Nation's dead and on every suit- 
able occasion, as long as life lasts, will present them anew to the youth 
of this country, as noble examples of heroism and patriotism. — General 
William T. Sherman. 

"In all the trade of war, no feat 
Is nobler than a brave retreat." 

It is a matter of great anxiety and concern to me that the slave trade 
is sometimes perpetrated under the flag of liberty, our dear noble Stars 
and Stripes, to which virtue and glory have been constant standard- 
bearers. — LaFayette. 

"Men of action, men of might, 
Stern defenders of the right." 

How I do wish that you could have looked down upon us when we 
threw the "Stars and Stripes" to the breeze at 12 o'clock on the 26th. 
Our chaplain thanked God for having brought us from our place of 
danger, and prayed for our country, that our flag might long continue 
to wave over a united and happy people. The flag was then raised, the 
command presenting arms, and the band playing "The Star Spangled 
Banner," after which three cheers were given for the flag and three for 
the Union. [Extract from a letter to a friend.] — Robert Anderson, Ft. 
Sumter, S. C., December 30, i860. 

"And now the work of life and death 
Hung on the passing of a breath; 
The fire of conflict burned within: 
The battle trembled to begin." 
So long ago, a mother's eyes 

Weep now but scanty tears, 
Fell one, who, under Southern skies, 

Has slumbered deep for years. 
He had his loss and his reward, 

Both in a sure release; 
His loss, the victor's shining sword; 

His guerdon, endless peace. 

— N. B. M. 

Braver men never smiled at danger than those who fought under the 
Stars and Stripes, and whenever Death spread his banquet, "New Hamp- 
;hire" furnished many guests. God bless forever! the living and the 
lead, who under the flag of our country marched to glory or the grave. 
—Governor Harriman. 

Thank God! the struggle's over, peace reigns in all our land. 

United now as brothers, forever let us stand; 

One flag, one country — Union — no North, South, East or West, 

Each vying with each other to do the very best; 

With millions of defenders to rally at its call, 

"Old Glory" is an emblem that truthful speaks to all; 

We love to look upon it as it proudly floats on high, 

No star is darkly blotted, no stripe but of royal dye. 

— B. Read Wales. 

"Goodness and greatness are not means but ends. * 

Hath he not always treasures, always friends, 
The good great man?" 



57 

A thousand and ten thousand times, no! "Put up thy sword," said 
the Divine Master, "they that conquer by the sword shall perish by the 
sword." 

What, then, will you do, men who saved the Republic? The remedy 
is in your hands. Place the flag over every school building and in every 
school room in the land. Then teach your children and the children 
of all nations flocking to your standard, those immortal principles of 
free government of which the Stars and Stripes is but the sign and 
symbol. — Kate Brownlee Sherwood. 

"The sounds of war are silent now, 

We call no man our foe; 
But soldier hearts cannot forget 

The scenes of long ago. 
Dear are the ones who stood with us 

To struggle or to die; 
No one can of tenter breathe their names 

Or love them more than I." 

Mother of States and unpolluted men, 

Virginia fitly named from England's manly queen. 

— Lowell. 

A quarter of a century has passed since the Great Commander of the 
Union Army received the surrender of Lee at Appomattox, and as he 
stretched his hand out to take the hand of Lee, he said to him and to 
a weary Nation tired of war: "Let us have peace." And we wish 
peace from one end of the land to the other; and we wish at the same 
time to see the flag we love revered wherever it floats. — R. A. Alger. 

Over Barbara Freitchie's grave 
Flag of Freedom and Union wave! 
Peace and order and beauty draw 
< . Round thy symbol of light and law; 
And ever the stars above look down 
On thy stars below in Fredericktown. 

—John G. Whittier. 

"Every act of noble sacrifice for the country, every instance of patri- 
otic devotion to her cause, has its beneficial influence." 

The past is past; the wild flowers bloom where charging squadrons met; 
And though we keep war's memories green, why not the cause forget, 
And have, while battle-stains fade out 'neath heaven's pitying tears, 
One Land, One Flag, one brotherhood, through all the coming years? 

— Thomas S. Collier. 

"There's a midnight darkness changing into grey; 
Men of thought, and men of action, clear the way!" 

Patriotic men cannot be produced in homes where patriotic women do 
not exist. So, if one limits the consideration of women's patriotism 
to the influence which it should exert in her home, a standing com- 
mittee on patriotism ought to commend itself to the approval of the 
entire Nation. — May Wright Sewall. 

If in love for our country you share 
And "The Star Spangled Banner" are versed in, 

You will know when the "bombs burst in air," 
'Twas a national air they burst in. 

—Judge. 



S8 

"On the sword, therefore, we are compelled to rely for protection." 

We want it distinctly understood that there is but one nation here, 
and that is the American nation. — Rev. Father Dalton. 

What is my arm, or my life, compared with the safety of my country. 
— Sentiments of a Dying Soldier. 

"Sadly, dumbly asking quarter, 

For the furious fight is done, 
And the patriots stand as victors 

In the last light of the sun." 

Make the best use of the public schools by making systematic instruc- 
tions in patriotic citizenship the chief part of the course of study. 
— Thomas Hunter, President New York Normal College. 

"Now for the fight! 

Now for the cannon-peal! 
Forward! through blood and toil, and cloud and fire!" 

Education is the bulwark of our national liberties. 

The public school is the nursery of patriotism. Its best fruits are true 
Americans, and its crowning glory the making of loyal anid intelligent 
citizens. — Rev. A. N. Whitmarshi. 

Our "White Squadron" is something more than a harmless symbol of 
national power and pride. It is not a flock of doves. It means peace 
only when that is consistent with justice and honor. Harsh precautions, 
but, unhappily, necessary for the well-being of the Republic. — Uncle 
Sam's Church. 

"God bless New Hampshire, from her granite peaks 
Once more the voice of Stack and Langdon speaks." 

While offering peace, sincere and just, 
In Heaven we place a manly trust, 
That truth and justice will prevail, 
And every scheme of bondage fail. 

— F. Hopkinson. 

The American patriot has a different object in life from the Athenian 
patriot, or almost any other kind of patriot who ever lived before our 
government was founded. These other patriots defended themselves 
and their own children; they fought to hold their own power and the 
privileges of their own class. The American patriot lives for the great 
commonwealth. He does not defend merely his own rights; he does 
not vote for his own rights or his own interest. Show him what is best 
for all the people. He stands to defend and serve them. So Washington 
and the founders of the Republic seemed to command. So Abraham 
Lincoln and the men who died in the Civil War, urge. What American 
>outh will not heed this heroic call? — Chas. F. Dole. 

"Full many a heart is aching with mingled joy and pain, 

For those who went so proudly forth, and may not come again." 

To have been soldiers in the cause of our country and fought its bat- 
tles, won its victories and perpetuated its renown, and to be recognized 
as such, is the grandest insignia of life.— Geo. B. Loud. 



59 

Teach the youth in the kindergarten to respect and honor the flag of 
their country; it will be the stepping-stone to loyal Christian citizenship. 
Instruct them to reverently salute the flag of the Union and the lesson 
it teaches. The effect of the salute will be magical in developing and 
quickening their desire for more knowledge in the history of our coun- 
try, and fill their souls with a lofty patriotism that will remain indelible 
in their hearts, when they reach manhood and womanhood. — Mrs. Eliza 
A. Blaker, Supt. Indianapolis Kindergarten and Domestic and Normal 
Training Schools. 

"So out of shop and farm-house, 

From shore and inland glen, 

Thick as the bees in clover-time, 

Are swarming armed men." 

I note with a feeling of personal pride the teaching of patriotism in 
the public schools of our own dear land. The W. R. C. has proclaimed 
the key-note of its power in the development of patriotic teaching and 
stands to-day without a peer among the organizations of woman in 
the grand and glorious work for our beloved country. — Mrs. Jennie 
Myerhoof. 

Little knew they all the valor 

That assaulting band would s-how; 

Men who fight for home and honor 

Strike with God to guide the blow. 

— S. B. K. 
The bravest and best men with whom I came in contact during two 
great conflicts were Christian men, and I believe the better Christian 
a man is, the braver, truer and nobler he is in private and public life. 
I do not see how a man can be brave or useful unless he is a Christian. 
— General James Longstreet. 

Love your country, reverence its laws, take pride in perpetuating the 
name and fame of its defenders, be good citizens, and in this promote 
the glory and prosperity of our own beloved America.- — Mrs. Millie B. 
Loud. 

We are Americans; we believe in American principles; and Americans 
should know and love their country, because in America there is more 
genuine liberty and happiness than in any other country under the sun 
— John S. Koontz. 

"To arms! replied the plains, 

The hot blood throbbing through their veins, 

For millions rallied with the vow, 

We strike for freedom surely now." 

I am going into Mobile Bay in the morning if "God is my leader," as 
I hope he is. — Extract from a letter written home by Armiral D. G 
Farragut, just before the battle of Mobile. 

"Long and bloody was the fray 
Ere Columbia gained the day; 
Lowly many a hero lay 
Dying to be free." 

Should anything befall me you must console yourself by knowing that 
I laid down my life for my country. For, upon entering its service, when 
a boy, I dedicated my life to that country. — Extract from a letter written 
home by Rear Admiral George Brown, Commander of U. S. Gunboat 
"Itasca," off Mobile, August 4, 1864. 



6o 

The laws of war award to spies the punishment of death. It would 
therefore be difficult to assign a reason why Major Andre should have 
been exempted from that fate. 

[Execution of Andre, Siaturd&y, October 2, 1780.] 

All I request of you, gentlemen, is that, while I acknowledge the pro- 
priety of my sentence, you will bear me witness that I die like a brave 
man. — Andre's Last Word.s - -. 

Columbia, my country, thy stars are unfurled, 
Mild beaming with peace o'er a jarring world; 
And well may we joy that Atlantic's broad ocean 
Doth roll between thee and old Europe's commotion. 
Thy broad-spreading empire, oh, long may it be 
The home of the patriot, the land of the free! 

— M. S. S. 
Treachery, though at first very cautious, in the end betrays itself. 
- — Livy. 

To-day beneath our Nation's flag, 

The old red, white and blue, 
A band of noble women work 

In a cause both just and true; 
To aid and succor those who fought 

To save our honored land, 
For home and freedom, God and right, 
Those earnest women stand. 

—Geo. C. Davis. 
Our Country. In her intercourse with foreign nations, may she always 
be in the right, but our Country right or wrong. — Decatur. 

The first lesson of patriotism should be taught at the mother's knee 
where the innocent lips are taught to lisp "Our Father, who art in 
Heaven." Teach the children to love the word "country." Teach them 
that the noblest act of a noble life is to die, if need be, in its defense. 
Then insist that the lessons at the school be befitting the children of 
American citizens. — Mrs. Julia S. Conklin, Ind. 

"Then staggered by the shot, we saw their serried columns reel, 
And fall as falls the bearded grain beneath the reaper's steel." 

"Those heroes 
Around whose memory clings 
The glory of King's Mountain, 
Cowpens and Eutaw Springs." 

The noble Nation is before my soul's vision. Giant in stature, comely 
in feature, buoyant in the freshness of morning youth, matronly in pru- 
dent stepping, the ethereal breezes of liberty waving with loving touch 
her tresses, she is, no one seeing her doubts, the queen, the conqueror, 
the mistress, the teacher of coming ages. 

To her keeping the Creator has entrusted a great continent, whose 
shores two oceans lave, rich in nature's gifts, inclosing useful and 
precious minerals, fertile in soil, salubrious in air, beauteous in vesture. 
For long centuries He held in reserve this region of His predilection, 
awaiting a propitious moment in humanity's evolutions to bestow it upon 
man, when man was ready to receive it. Her children have come from 
all countries, bearing with them the ripest fruit of thought, laboi and 
experience. Adding thereto high aspirations and generous impulses, 
they have built up a new world of humanity. This world embraces the 






61 

hopes, the ambitions, the dreamings of humanity's priests and seers. 
To its daring in the face of progress, to its sufferings at the shrine of 
liberty, there seems to be no limit; and yet, prosperity, order, peace, 
spread over its vast area their sheltered wings. 

The Nation of the future! Need I name it? Your hearts quiver lov- 
ing it— 

"My country, 'tis of thee, 

Sweet land of liberty, 

Of thee I sing." 
—Archbishop Ireland at Opening of Columbian Exposition. 

Yes, his sun has set forever. Loyalty's gentle voice can no longer 
wake thrills of joy along the tuneless chords of his mouldering heart. 
Yet patriots and lovers of liberty who still linger on the shores of time 
rise and bless his memory; and millions yet unborn will in after times 
rise to deplore his death, and cherish as a household word his deathless 
name. — General John A. Logan, on the death of Abraham Lincoln. 

"For a voice struck through the sunlight, 
Through the deafening roar of war, 
With its call of on and upward! 
Though no mam the speaker saw." 

When Old Glory kisses the vagrant winds, the fingers of one hand 
would doubtless number those who knew the origin of the American 
flag. The children of the present generation will be wiser, however, 
and when their children come upon the scene of action, there will 
scarcely be a home sheltered by the starry emblem with inmates so 
ignorant that tbey will not know its history. — Is f abel Worrell Ball. 

"Where 'mid the columns war's red eagles fly, 
We swear to do or die." 

What the country meeds to-day is good citizens, whether they be voters 
or not. Citizens who are familiar with these great bulwarks of American 
liberty — the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the 
United States. Every woman should have a copy of the Constitution and 
study it. How can we support that of which we have no knowledge? 
— Ellen S. Mussey, Washington, D. C. 

State's rights must be respected; 
The Union must be preserved. 

•—Charles Carroll. 
Freedom is recreated year by year, 

In hearts wide open on the Godward side, ; :■ 

In soul's calm cadence as the whirling sphere, 

In minds that sway the future like a tide. 
No broadest creeds can hold her, and no codes; " 
She chooses men for her august abodes, 

Building them fair and fronting to the dawn. 

Our country hath a gospel of her own 
To preach and practice before the world — 
The freedom and divinity of. man, 

The glorious claims of human brotherhood — 

Which 'to pay nobly, as a freeman should, 
Gains the soul wealth that will not fly away — 
And the soul's fealty to none but God. 

—Lowell. 



62 

They left of all my tribe 

Nor man, nor child, nor thing of living birth; 

No! not the dog that watched my household hearth 

Escaped that night of blood upon these plains. 

— Campbell. 

No traitor at midnight shall pierce in rest, 
No alien at noonday shall stab us abreast. 

— Proctor. 

With no guide but God, and no constitution but the Bible, our fore- 
fathers worked out upon this continent, after many hardships and trials 
and tribulations, the problem of the equality of all men before the law. 
They founded instiutions which have withstood the test of foreign inva- 
sions, of political passions, of party strifes, of individual ambition, and 
the shock of the mightiest civil war the world has ever seen. The 
influence of their successful experiment, following the line of fraternal 
blood back to the countries from which they came, have revolutionized 
and liberalized the governments of the globe. The triumph of the prin- 
ciples of civil and religious liberty upon this continent, the beneficial 
effects of the common school, and the one universal diffusion of educa- 
tion have done more than all other agencies in uplifting mankind to 
higher places of independence and happiness. — Hon. Chauncey Depew. 

The sun of liberty is set; you must light up the candles of industry and 
economy. — Franklin. 

"The maid who binds her warrior's sash 

With smile that well her pain dissembles, 
The while beneath the drooping lash 

One starry teardrop hangs and trembles, 
Though heaven alone records the tear, 

And fame shall never know her story — 
Her heart has shed a drop as dear 

As e'er bedewed the field of glory. 

The wife who girds her husband's sword 

'Mid little ones who weep or wonder, 
And bravely speaks the cheering word, 

What though her heart be rent asunder, 
Doomed nightly in her dreams to hear 

The bolts of death around him rattle, 
Hath shed as sacred blood as e'er 

Was poured upon the field of battle." 

"Hamilton, though carried off in the prime of life, had iived long 
enough for glory." 

"All nature sings wildly the song of the free, 

The red, white and blue float o'er land and o'er sea; 

The white — in each billow that breaks on the shore, 

The blue in the arching that canopies o'er 

The land of our birth, in its glory outspread — 

And sunset dies deepen and glow into red; 

Day fades into night and the red stripe retires, 

But stars o'er the blue light their sentinel fires; 

And though night be gloomy, with clouds overspread, 

Each star holds its place in the field overhead; 

When scatter the clouds and the tempest is through, 

We count every star in the field of the blue." 



63 

To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserv- 
ing peace. — Washington. 

Beware of the man who puts his conduct above his conscience, his 
party above his country. I don't mean or care to argue that it is neces- 
sary that a man shall sacrifice any private duty to be true to his country, 
or prevent any citizen of the United States to be true to his conscience. 
Let every man entertain his conviction and leave his neighbor alone. 
— Henry Watterson. 

We live in the consequences of past action. — Hodge. 

Lord of the universe! 

Shield us and guide us, 
Trusting Thee always, 

Through shadow and sun, 
Thou hast united us, 

Who shall divide us? 
Keep us, Oh, keep us, 

The "many in one." 
Up with our banner bright, 
Sprinkled with starry light, 
Spread its fair emblem 

From mountain to shore, 
While through the sounding sky 
Loud rings the Nation's cry, 
Union and liberty! 

One evermore. 

— O. W. Holmes. 
What can alone ennoble fight? 
A noble cause. 

— Campbell. 

"We believe that unborn generations of Americans will be imbued, 
in the hour of national peril, with the same generous, patriotic impulse 
which inspired the patriots of the two great historic periods of our coun- 
try; the one creating national independence in 1776, and the other pre- 
serving it through the storms of fratricidal war." 

The American flag has never been trailed in the dust by foreign or 
domestic foe. Wherever it has floated to the breeze, in every sea and 
upon every land, it has been welcomed by all people, of all nations, as 
the inspiration to humanity, to society, to the attainment of equal rights. 
Let the old flag speak to the children in the schools from one end of the 
land to the other. Let this symbol utter the voice of freedom upon 
every festive occasion. — Sarah C. Mink. 

"Along the dusty roads in haste 

The eager columns come, 
With flash of sword and musket's gleam, 

The bugle and the drum." 

"Men of thought! be up and stirring, night and day; 
Sow the seed — withdraw the curtain — clear the way!" 

Granite and marble and granite, 

Corridor, column and dome; 
A Capitol huge as a planet, 

And mighty as marble-built Rome. 

— Capitol, U. S. 



64 

By representing the characters of great men and women in the mak- 
ing of American history, young people learn to realize that they are a 
part of the union, and there comes to them a sense of responsibility for 
its future, and a desire to share in its political life. If we would grow 
patriotism, we must sow the seeds of patriotism, and the most fruitful 
seeds are the words and deeds of our patriotic forefathers. — Bishop 
Samuel Fellows. 

Fraternity, union, now and forever, 
Between us again shall discord come never. 
The old flag above us is wondrously beautiful, 

Brighter and lovelier it seems every day, 
More glorious than ever, for under it, dutiful, 

Stand to defend it, both the blue and the gray. 

— Blue and the Gray. 

"History is the cyclic poem written by Time upon the memories of 
men." 

''Right and Native Land," their watch word — 

Swift they sped, at country's call, 
Pulled th' sword from out its scabbard, 

Ere they'd see their flagstaff fall. 

— Eliza Hammond Odneal. 

Patriotic instruction should begin in the home. Under the formative 
care of the best of teachers, a good mother, the elements that go to 
build up a patriotic spirit will be instilled. She will teach her children 
the national hymns and patriotic songs, she will tell them the story of 
that sturdy band of Puritans, who planted the seeds of American civiliza- 
tion, and upon Plymouth's sacred rock laid the corner-stone of the 
Nation. She will tell them of the supreme patriot, he who was /'first in 
war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen," and of that 
distinguished line of patriots down to our day. She will teach them 
how grand a thing it is to acquire the principles of obedience to law, of 
love and veneration for the stars and stripes as the emblem of liberty 
and national supremacy. Every child should be taught the* origin of 
the flag, when it was adopted, what trials it has encountered, and what 
blessings preserved. It should be in every home to be cherished, loved 
and honored. Let the Nation be a nursery of men and principles such as 
inspired the founders of the government.— Mrs. Louise Barnum Robbins, 
Mich. 

The soldier who resented your insult to the Stars and Stripes was 
born under its folds, and his father before him. He still retains a respect 
and afTectioni for it, and an officer of the Confederate Army who has no 
higher appreciation of the sentiment of our people than you appear to 
have, by trailing the Stars and Stripes in the dust, is not fit to be on my 
staff." — Stonewall Jackson. 

(Reprimand to an officer.) 

"Thus spake the patriot in his latest sigh, 
'My duty done, I do not fear to die.' " 

Its stripes of red, eternal dyed with heart streams of all lands; 
Its white, the snow-capped hills, that hide in storm their upraised hands; 
Its blue, the ocean waves that beat round freedom's circled shore; 
Its stars, the print of angels' feet that burn forevermore. 

— James Whitcomb Riley. 



65 

Here sleep the brave, who sink to rest 
By all their country's wishes blest. 



-Collins. 



If we only strive to be pure and true, 
To each of us all there will come -an hour 
When the tree of life shall burst into flower, 
And rain at our feet a glorious dower 
Of something grander than ever we knew. 

— Burnside. 
Yes, our flag was newly w 7 oven, every stripe and every star, 
With the cannon balls for shuttles, in the roaring loom of war; 
When our gallant weavers dyed it, with their manhood in each hue, 
White for honor, red for courage, and for faithfulness the blue. 

— [Howard S. Taylor. 
Sink or swim, live or die, survive or perish, I give my hand and heart 
to this vote. — Peyton Randolph. 

It is needless to remind you that national greatness depends upon in- 
telligent God-loving patriotism that must spring from love of native land, 
and obedience to her laws. A true patriot is a devout patriot, and 
America's eminence to-day among the nations of the earth is due to 
her devotion to the same stirring battle-cry, "for God and native land." 
Our country's flag is the symbol of liberty! the aegis for the oppressed, 
the foe to ignorance and superstition, and the harbinger of civil and 
religious liberty. — Mrs. W. F. Kuhn, Mo. 

"Words pass as wind, but where great deeds are done, 
A power abides, transfused from sire to son." 

As the days roll by and year succeeds year, the memories of the Civil 
War become more dim and distant. Its heroes pass on and beyond, but 
the object for which they gave their lives must forever be preserved. 
It is, therefore, wise and fitting that the mothers, sisters, daughters and 
loyal women of the Woman's Relief Corps should take the little ones 
by the hand, and from the lessons of the past teach them their duty as 
to the future w r elfare and happiness of their country. In what more im- 
pressive manner can this be done than by saluting the Flag of our 
Country? — Emma R. Wallace, National President W. R. C. 

"And they fought and conquered on freedom's side, 
With the chief, Columbia's noblest pride." 

"Where the battle's wreck lies thickest, 
And death's brief pang is quickest." 



WHAT IS PATRIOTISM. 



INSPIRATIONS FROM THE SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF PATRIOTS. 



A loyal and unswerving devotion to the flag and the institutions of 
one's government. It is a zealous love of country, that is neither cor- 
rupted nor consumed by mercenary motives, nor blasted nor chilled by 
adversity, but remains firm even when life is at stake. — John E. Has- 
lacker, W. Va. 

The passion which aims to serve one's country, either defending it 
from invasion or protecting its rights, and maintaining its law and insti- 
tutions in vigor and purity is the noblest passion that animates man and 
makes him an honorable and useful citizen. — Grace G. Hunt, Ohio. 



66 

That feeling of love and pride that makes us live and dare to die for 
our country, that seeks to preserve our sacred institutions from harm, 
and to hand down our inheritance of liberty unsullied to those who 
succeed us. — T. E. Hickmon, Ark. 

Patriotism is the love of our country; it is the passion which aims to 
serve our country, either in defending it from invasion or protecting 
its rights and maintaining its laws and institutions in vigor and purity; 
it is the characteristic of a good citizen, the noblest passion that ani- 
mates man. — Rhoda Sehl, Iowa. 

Devotion to equal rights and justice to all, as a principle of a national 
government. — Wayland F. Webster, Wis. 

The love that makes men leave their dear ones and homes to face the 
leaden rain of bullets and death in every form that they may defend their 
loved country from those who wish to destroy it. — Edith M. Haines, Mo. 

The grateful reciprocity of paternal protection, and the divine flame of 
love that burns brightest in adversity and sheds its impartial rays on 
all who answer to the name of brother; it is the inspiration that creates 
heroic living, and the aspiration that emulates sacrificial dying. — Georgia 
A. Martin, Ky. 

'Tis love for our country, with duty fulfilled, 

'Tis helping to govern as God has willed: 

'Tis loyalty shown, maintaining the cause 

Of national honor, and keeping the laws, 

A citizen's glory, a Nation's delight, 

'Tis serving our country with might and right. 

— Mrs. Josephine Llewellyn, 111. 

That which animates one who is ready, at the first tap of the drum, 
to lay down everything — lucrative position, comforts of home and 
society — when his country calls for volunteers for the defense of the 
Stars and Stripes, without hope of reward. — Andrew J. Grayson, Ind. 

The emotion or impulse in man, which, regardless of consequences 
to himself, impels him to lend his aid to secure the furtherance and 
execution of all schemes whereby the welfare of his country is most 
enhanced and the greatest amount of happiness secured to his country- 
men.— W. S. Riley, Mo. 

That which animates the typical citizen, one whose love of home and 
country is so great as to influence his every act for their happiness 
and prosperity, and who freely makes sacrifices of self for that end. 
— C. W. Colby, 111. 

Loving our .country, rejoicing in its prosperity; ever ready to defend 
it; always true to its best interests. — Minta Lavy, O. 

Patriotism means love of country, to be interested in its welfare, and 
to lend our influence in the direction that will best benefit the people as 
a whole; to regard our native land above all others, and to be willing 
tc give our lives to its protection if need be. — Carry M. Brown, O. 

The absorbing love in the breast of true patriots among mankind; 
the love that makes them loyal to rulers, gives them courage to bid 
adieu to all that is dear, face dangers and battles, suffer imprisonment 
or death, that their country may be preserved and their flag kept floating. 
— M. M. Kerschner, la. 

That emotion which fills the heart of man with love for his country. 
— Hattie L. Hunt, Ohio, 



67 

Heartfelt love for one's country and the national flag, emblem of the 
country. All who are patriotic have respect for and obey its Constiution 
and laws, if they are righteous laws, and are willing to aid, yes, offer 
their lives, to protect their country in all just causes. — Adah Bell Bick- 
nell, N. Y. 

A love so great and powerful that it subdues all selfish feelings gives 
us the strength and courage to endure cold, hunger, hardship, suffering, 
and brave death in every shape for our country. — Christian Simenson, 
Minn. 

To love, honor and obey the just laws of your country, to emulate the 
deeds of those who fought in her defense, to teach others to do likewise, 
and, if need be, to give your life for your country. — Florence G. Cross- 
man, R. I. 

A love for country is so great that one would sacrifice everything 
and die rather than betray his country. And if a man has true patriotism 
he will defend his country whenever the opportunity is offered. — M. 
Lenna Streeter, Mich. 

An intense love for God, truth and country; like a bright and shining 
light springing from the depths of love in our hearts, as from an ever- 
flowing fountain, inextinguishable only as the heartstrings break in death. 
—Allen Marlin, Kan. 

Is that love which causes a man to forsake home, wife, mother, chil- 
dren, and all that is near and dear, and offer his service and life, if need 
be, for his country. — J. W. Cole, Ky. 

Is the sea over which the craft of the government of the United 
States sails, and where the sailors ever keep the Stars and Stripes floating 
in the breeze of freedom. — J. O. Silverwood, Kan. 

Is the love of one's country; it contains the true meaning of all to- 
gether; in fact, it is the principle in the character of a man which spurs 
him on to do or to die for his country. — E. W. Goodlin, Ohio. 

The gratitude and sympathy we feel towards great men and loyal 
women, and the labor of love we bestow on. the old soldiers of this, our 
beloved country. — Mrs. Mary E. Hunt, Ohio. 

That love which nerves men to maintain the rights of the people and 
the country regardless of consequences, as our ancestors and sires have 
done in days gone by. — Lou M. Staring, Tenn. 

To love our country as we should God and humanity. — Mildred N. 
Baldwin, Ohio. 

Is that God-given gift, or faculty, which enables a man to honestly, 
deeply and sincerely appreciate his country and hold it in sacred remem- 
brance always. — W. C. Horton, N. J. 

A love for our country and our country's flag; it is the love for our 
home, for the spot where we live, were brought up and taught to love 
from infancy; not the love of another country, but of our own. — Ida M. 
Koontz, Ind. 

Love of God and our country, and the willingness to leave everything 
that is dear, if need be, to serve, protect, or stand up for our God and 
our country. — Lillie V. Clark, 111. 

That love and devotion which inspires us to meet nobly and unselfishly 
any service required of us for our country's welfare. — A. Grace, Pa. 

That devotion which makes persons willing to render their country 
a service through love of it, without thought of pecuniary gain. — Theo. 
Gieszlaman, 111. 



68 

The second brightest jewel in the crown of manhood: the first being 
love of God.— A. P. GorT, N. Y. 

Love for God and home and native land. — Alice Gender, Ohio. 

That love which enables one to speak, fight and even dare to die for 
his country. — Lillian Stormont, Ind. 

A true love of country, whether manifested in time of war or peace. 
— Burt Stone, la. 



WHAT IS OUR FLAG? 



Inspirations from the Sons and Daughters of Patriots. 



THE TRIUMPHANT AMERICAN FLAG. 



By Supt. Wm. Connell, Fall River, Mass. 



(Tune — "Auld Lang Syne.") 

The flag that speaks of Bunker Hill, 

Of minute men and gun, 
Of Saratoga and Yorktown, — 

Fierce battles fought and won. 

CHORUS: 

That flag we'll raise upon our school, 

With stars now forty-four; 
Triumphant Red, and White, and Blue, 

The flag- our fathers bore. 

The flag that waved o'er Gettysburg 

On those eventful days; 
The flag our boys in blue upheld 

'Mid battle's storm always. 
Cho. — That flag we'll raise, etc. 

The flag that Lincoln freed from stain, 

By setting bondmen free, — 
The flag that can forgive a wrong, — 

Rebellion though it be. 
Cho. — That flag we'll raise, etc. 

The flag that drew rebellious men 

Into the Union fold, — 
The flag that is respected now 

In States both new and old, — 
Cho. — That flag we'll raise, etc. 

The flag that now waves o'er our homes, 
Protecting weak and strong, — 

The flag that vindicates the right, 
And punishes the wrong, — 

Cho. — That flag we'll raise, etc. 



69 

Through what scenes has our flag not passed? what storms of shot and 
shell? how many have lived for it? how many have its folds draped in 
death? how many living and dying have said: "Oh, the flag, the glorious 
Stars and Stripes!" It is the same old flag inscribed with the dying 
words of Lawrence: "Don't give up the ship," that was hoisted on 
Lake Erie on the eve of Perry's great naval victory. What countries 
has it not visited, the pride of its friends, the terror of its foes! None 
but tyrants hate it! All who sigh for progress and patriotism love and 
honor it! — Fannie C. Steele, Mo. 

Our glorious flag has led the braves to victory; it has floated over our 
cradles; let it be our prayer that it float in triumph above our graves. 
— Walter F. Senor, Texas. 

The colors are Union, Peace and Freedom. The white is the celestial 
whiteness of Heaven; the blue is the sky; the red is the morning light. 

Each star is a State, and the stripes are the thirteen Colonies that won 
their independence. — Geo. W. Burton, 111. 

I have no. room for any one who is not willing to vow allegiance to 
that flag which is powerful enough to shield and protect us in the exer- 
cises of civil and religious liberty. Our flag is the symbol of all that 
makes a home for us. — M. Burlison, Wis. 

The red, white and blue — fervency, purity and truth — holds in its 
meaning to us freedom, and it has been said, "Freedom can never die." 
Ernest R. Ostrom, Iowa. 

Our flag, the stars and stripes! Emblem of freedom, of justice and 
true American patriotism and loyalty. — Lillian Knight, Minn. 

The American flag is symbolic of liberty and union, purity and strength. 
Let us strive to keep it so; pure, strong and just. May it remain for ages 
to shed its patriotic influence on all American citizens, and may its luster 
never grow dim. Let us hope that our Nation is steadily marching 
forward, onward and upward, and that the sword of combat is forever 
sheathed in the scabbard of peace. Let us encourage and foster patriot- 
ism in our hearts, and strive to awaken it in the hearts of the rising 
generation, that our flag may ever be supported and defended. — Marie 
H. Oliver, Iowa. 

How our hearts thrill with joy as we behold this beauteous emblem of 
liberty floating in the air over the school-houses or other public build- 
ings. It tells of many hard fought battles, many soldiers wounded and 
many homes made desolate, that it might represent America's freedom 
and proclaim her peace to all nations. — Edith M. Haynes, Mo. 

Glorious emblem of the Nation's purity and grace, progress and 
patriotism; made sacred by the lives sacrificed in the cause of freedom 
and justice to all. The heart of every true American, as he beholds this 
victorious banner, thrills with joy and pride that he may stand beneath its 
folds and say, "God bless our country and our flag." — Ella V. Garton, 
South Dakota. 

The grandest, most beautiful emblem of liberty that floats to the breeze, 
beneath the ever watchful eye of Almighty God. — G. E. Hounson, Mo. 



70 

The flag is the emblem of our country. It is our pride, our com- 
panion, our protector. — W. L. Hedges, Wis. 

As I read the never dying Declaration of Independence asserting the 
inalienable rights of man, as I study the Constiution of our Nation giving 
us the rights of liberty bought with precious blood, as I love my country 
and my country's flag, the most beautiful and significant emblem ever 
unfurled to the winds o<f heaven, with the grandest galaxy of stars that 
ever shone o'er enlightened men, theji I say, palsied be the tongue that 
would speak a word other than in its praise. — Lutie Fairbanks, Mo. 

When we see the flag floating so proudly, it reminds us of something 
that happened over one hundred years ago, and that was the winning of 
independence and liberty. Thirteen stripes for the Union now, and forty- 
five stars for the Union maintained our glorious banner bears. — Arthur 
L. Hynds, Texas. 

The American flag is an emblem of American characteristics in national 
life; white the emblem of purity, red of valor and blue of justice. It 
represents everything that is dear to us, and is our emblem of national 
power and honor. — Carrie Hornell, Mo. 

Our flag, that sacred emblem of liberty, under whose folds numberless 
heroes have nobly fought and bravely perished for their country, should 
have a place of deep affection in the hearts of every American citizen. 
— Jas. F. Balls, Mo. 

The red, white and blue colors of our flag are symbolic of Divine love, 
truth, hope and loyalty. Their language is valor, purity and sincerity; 
they are emblematic of war, peace and justice. — Geo. E. Hunter, Ind. 

The Star Spangled Banner, that has had so many historical changes 
since its birth and will doubtless have many more, is very dear to our 
country. If the tales it bears in its folds of scenes of sorrow and the tri- 
umph it has witnessed could be told, what volumes it would fill. May 
every boy and girl always revere this brave old flag. — Nella D. Hamp- 
son, O. 

Our Nation's pride and defense, emblem of unity, liberty and justice, 
animating the progress of our fair land and winning the admiration of 
the world. — Flora Dell Ellis, Ind. 

May the red, white and blue wave forever peacefully over us. — Lee 
Berry, Pa. 

Old Glory! Starry flag of the free! I pledge my life and service to 
thee; and so will every true American. — M. Couch, Iowa. 

Emblematic of fame, glory and honor; emitting from its starry folds 
a thousand rays of love, hope and peace to all. — Ora A. Kost, Mich. 



I pledge allegiance to my flag, and 
The Republic for which it stands — 
One Nation indivisible. 
With Liberty and Justice for all. 

— Frank Bellamy. 



71 




THE LIBERTY BELL. 



The bell was made in London; it weighed 2,000 pounds and cost nearly 
$500. 

It has on it the words, "Proclaim liberty throughout all the land and 
unto all the inhabitants thereof."— Leviticus, xxv, 10. 

The bell was cracked when it was brought to this country in 1752, 
and two men recast it. It was hung in the State House in Philadelphia 

in 1753- . . 

This was the first bell to ring and tell the people of the signing of 
the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. 

After fifty years more it became so badly cracked that it could not 
be used. It is still kept in the old State House. 

INSPIRATIONS. 

We sing of thee to-day, O Bell, 
Loud let our tones of music swell 
All o'er the land; let all be free, 
And sing, O Bell, to-day of thee. 

—Elsie Lowry, Ind., 13 years of age. 

Old Liberty Bell, old Liberty Bell! 
How did your ring sound out so well? 
Your ring was pure and clear. 
This makes us love our country dear. 

— Emil Camphausen. Ind., 14 years of age. 



12 

We welcome this bell for its teachings alone, 

This bell so true and so grand — 
It stands for Liberty, Justice and Right, 

The glory and pride of the land, 

— Samuel K. S'elig, Ind., 12 year of age. 

What though 'tis voiced weak and low— 

We know 'twas once a joyous swell. 
And must we never, never know 

The sound of thy voice, and its spell? 

— Marie Page, Ind., 13 years of age. 



IMPORTANT ANNIVERSARIES AND NOTABLE PATRIOTIC 
EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF OUR COUNTRY. 



JANUARY. 

"Oh, dawn- of a fair New Year, content will we stand looking towards 
the sunlight of this glad new month, leaving God to order all our ways. 
What lies beyond is His to know; our part to patiently wait His will, 
and trust in Him through good or ill, our faces ever towards the East — 
the sunrise city of the soul." 

New Year's day. 

I wish you not only a happy New Year, but a happy eternity. — W. S. 
Plummer. 

President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation issued 1st, 1863. 

Charles Summer, born 6th, 181 1; died March nth, 1874. 

General Israel Putnam, born 7th, 1718. 

"Up with the shout! for Putnam comes, upon his reeking bay ; 
With bloody spur and foaming bit, in haste to join the fray." 

Battle New Orleans, 8th, 1815. 

General G. K. Warren, born 8th, 1830; died August 8th, 1882. 

"To arms! to arms, they cry: 

Defend the flag or die! 

To arms! as in the year 

When heroes saw the field of battle nigh." 

Another hand thy sword shall wield, 
Another hand the standard wave, 
Till from the trumpet's mouth is peal'd 
The blast of triumph o'er the grave. 

— Bryant. 
Alexander Hamilton, born nth, 1757; died July 12th, 1804. 
He smote the rock of the national resources, and abundant streams of 
revenue gushed forth. He touched the dead corpse of Public Credit, and 
it sprung upon its feet. — Daniel Webster. 
Thos. J. Edison, born nth, 1847. 
Bayard Taylor, born nth, 1825. 
John Hancock, born 12th, 1737. 

He said: "Burn Boston! and make John Hancock a beggar if the 
public good requires it." 

Siege of Fort Fisher, N. C, 13th to 15th, 1865. 



73 

General Judson Kilpatrick, born 14th, 1836; died December 4th, 1881. 

A true patriot, genial, generous and beloved. 

General Henry W. Halleck, born 16th, 1815; died 9th, 1872. 

Benjamin Franklin, born 17th, 1706; died April 17th, 1790. 

"We must all hang together, or we will all hang separately." 

"He snatched the lightning from the sky, and the scepter from the 
tyrants. " 

"Dost thou love life? Then do not squander time, for that is the stuff 
life is made of." 

Daniel Webster, born 18th, 1782; died October 24th, 1852. 

"One country, one Constitution, one destiny." 

Robert Morris, born 20th, 1734. 

Without the assistance of Robert Morris, of Philadelphia, even Wash- 
ington could not have saved the country. — Fiske. 

Congress charters the Bank of North America, 20th, 1781. 

I am determined that the bank shall be well supported till it can sup- 
port itself, then it will support us. — Robert Morris. 

General John C. Fremont, born 21st, 1813; died July 13th, 1890. 

A zealous man; an upright citizen. 

Gen. Robert Sanford Foster, born Jan. 27, 1834. 

An honorable and upright patriotic citizen; a brave and fearless soldier, 
who did his whole duty to his country and flag, and never knew defeat 
in battle. 

When wasteful war shall statues overturn, 
And broils root out the work of masonry, 
Nor Mars his sword nor wars quick fire 
The living record of his memory shall burn. 

— Shakespeare. 



FEBRUARY. 

"How soft is the step of this royal newcomer; for, oh, underneath him 
lie folded buds and blossoms, and the time is not yet for their glad 
awakening. Speak gently, O King February! for they are sleeping but 
lightly, and the bosom of Mother Earth shall cradle them only a little 
longer." 

Provincial Congress met in Philadelphia 1st, 1775. 

"Our own, our country's honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and 
manly exertion." 

Slavery abolished, 1st, 1865. 

James Otis, born 5th, 1725. 

He spoke, and into every heart his words carried new ^strength and 
courage. — Bryant. 

American Independence recognized by France, 6th, 1778. 

General .Wm. T. Sherman, born 8, 1820; died 14, 1891. 

A true hero of the Union army. 

"For desperate fighting in the war 

Thou wert a hero to the end, 
Bearing the heat, the brunt, the scar, 

Our fair country to defend." 

General John A. Logan, born 9th, 1826; died December 26th, 1886. 
A brave man, a faithful, patriotic citizen. 
Abraham Lincoln, born February 12th, 1809. 

"With malice towards none, with charity for all, with firmness in the 
right as God gives us to see the right." 



74 

Tis Lincoln's Day. 

All nature clothed in. purest white 

Pays homage to the spotless soul 
That purged the land of slav'ry's blight 

And paid a nation's final toll. 
Blazed bright in Fame's undying scroll 

His name must live for aye and aye 
And lead the Martyr's Honor roll — 

'Tis Lincoln's Day. 

Count Kosciusko, born 12th, 1746; died October 15th, 1817. 

Hope for a season bade the world farewell, 
And Freedom shrieked when Kosciusko fell. 

— Campbell. 

General John A. Rawlings, born 13th, 1831; died 9th, 1869. 
Gen. W. S. Hancock, born 14th, 1824; died 9th, 1886. 
St. Valentine's Day, 14th. 

"Love with all your heart and soul, 

Love with eye and ear and touch; 
That's the moral of the whole, 

You can never love too much." 

Battle of Fort Do-nelson, 15th and 16th, 1862. 

General John E. Wool, born 20th, 1784; died November 10th, 1869. 

General William Prescott, born 20th, 1726. 

Up with the pine-tree banner! 

Our gallant Prescott stands 
Amid the plunging shell and shot, 

And plants it with his hands. 

— F. S. Cozzens. 

James Russell Lowell, born 22nd, 1819; died August 12th, 1891. 

"Once to every man and nation comes a moment to decide. 

In the strife of Truth with Falsehood, for the good or evil side." 

When a deed is done for freedom, through the broad earth's breast 
Runs a thrill of joy prophetic, trembling on from east to west. 

— Lowell. 

Battle Buena Vista, Mexico, 22nd to 23rd, 1847. 

Washington's birthday (22nd, 1732). National holiday. 

Yes — one — the first, the last, the best, 
The Cincinnatus of the West, 
Whom envy dare not hate; 
Bequeathed the name of Washington 
To make men blush, there was but one. 

— Lord Byrcn 
Charles C. Pinkney, born 25th, 1706. 
"Millions for defense, sir, but not one cent for tribute." 

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, born 27th, 1807; died March 24th, 188: 
"Not marble, nor the gilded monuments 
Of princes, shall outlive his beautiful rhymes; 
But he shall shine more bright in these contents 
Than unswept Stone besmeared with filthy time." 



75 

Francis Marion, born 1732; died 27th, 1795. 'The Swamp Fox." 

"A moment in the British camp, 

A moment — and away 
Back to the pathless forest 

Before the break of day." 

"Their hearts are all with Marion, 
For Marion their prayers." 

Colonel William Washington, born 28th, 1752. 

"To foes, how stern a foe was he, 
And to the valiant and the free 
How brave a chief!" 

MARCH. " 

"Another spring has dawned; and down the avenue of Time our win- 
ter has silently stolen away. Now the furry catkins begin to unfold their 
downy buds, and early flowers are peeping from the leafy mould and 
swelling into beauty and fragrance. The maple's heart pours out its 
nectar, an/d the honied drops gush forth at every outlet." 

Inauguration Day, 4th. 

"Long live the good men who are entrusted with our public welfare; 
and may the memory of those who have been called to their reward ever 
dwell in our hearts." 

"Columbia, Columbia to glory arise, 

The queen of the world and the child of the skies." 

— Timothy Dwight. 

General Pulaski, born 4th, 1748; died October nth, 1779. 

General Philip H. Sheridan, born 6th, 1831; died February 14th, 1893. 

Blow bugler, soft thy bugles blow 7 — 
Weep every heart that loved him so, 

And children tell in friendly clan 

Of Winchester and Sheridan, 

The Francis Marion of the day 

O'er hills and plains away, away — 

While pale he rests in glory won, 

On thy green slope, sweet Arlington. 

— Mary Baird Finch. 

On the 8th, 1862, United States war vessels Congress and Cumberland 
sunk by the rebel gun boat, Merrimac. 

9th, 1862, battle between the Monitor and Merrimac. "The Monitor 
went smack into the Merrimac and on her sides played Yankee Doodle 
Dandy, Oh." 

Joseph Trumbull, Commissary General of the Continental Army, born 
nth, 1737. 

And ne'er shall the sons of Columbia be slaves, 
While the earth bears a plant, or the sea rolls its waves. 



76 

Admiral John L Warden., commander of the Monitor, born 12, 1818, 
died Oct. 18, 1897. 

'The love of liberty with life is given, 
And life itself the inferior gift of Heaven." 

Gen. John Pope, born 16, 1823, died Sept. 23, 1892. 

Andrew Jackson, born 15, 1767. ''Old Hickory." 
"Our Federal Union! it must be preserved." 

Governor Jonathan Trumbull, born 26, 1740. "Brother Jonathan." 
"Hands that the rod of empire might have swayed." 

— Gray. 

APRIL. 

"This is our day. Look how the world brightens for it is now the be- 
ginning of a happy time to come! Dear heart, let us be glad today, and 
let us look trustingly on and beyond us, knowing that God has in store 
many folded buds for love and happiness that all shall awaken in His 
sunlight and bloom for us." 

Arbor month. Tree planting; also last week in October and first week 
in November observed. 

Washington Irving, born 3rd, 1783; died Nov. 28th, 1859. One of 
America's great historians. 

Surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Southern Confederacy at 
Appomattox, Va., 9th, 1865. Close of the War of the Rebellion. 

Fort Sumter fired upon by rebels 12th and 13th, 1861. Commence- 
ment of the War of the Rebellion. 

Henry Clay born 12, 1777, died July 29, 1852. 

"His heart and hand were ever ready 

To do a generous deed, 
His kindness true and steady 
To all who stood in need." 

"I have heard something said about allegiance to the South. I know 
no South, no' North, no East, no West, to which I owe allegiance." 

Thomas Jefferson born 13, 1743. 

Jefferson, with those large, fair ideas of freedom and equality so dear 
to men. 

"For friend or foe when in distress, 
He had sympathy and tears, 
■ And with his gentle tenderness 

Would calm and soothe their fears." 

Stars and Stripes replaced over Fort Sumter, 14th, 1865. 

"Though changes may the world appall, 
Though crown may break and thrones may fall. 
Our banner may survive them all 

And ever live in story; 
The rainbow of a rescued land, 
Where freemen brave together stand, 
Where truth and courage hand in hand 

Floats proudly here, Old Glory!" 

—P. A. Gifford, 



77 

Battle Cerro Gordo, Mexico, 17 and 18, 1847. 
First battle of the Revolution at Lexington, 19, 1775. 
There the first British blood was shed — there the first British graves 
were dug. 

Battle at Concord, 19th, 1775. 

By the rude bridge that arched the flood, 

Their flags to April breeze unfurled, 
There once the embattled farmers stood 
And fired the shot heard round the world. 

— Emerson. 
Siege of Boston begun, 20th, 1775. 

There might our ringing cheer 
Beleaguered Boston hear, 
Tell how we sped. 

Battle San Jacinto, Texas, 21th, 1847. 

Governor Trumbull born 24th, 1750. 

"He above the rest, 
In shape and gesture proudly eminent, 
Stood like a statue." 



MAY. 

"And now it is May Day; the lilacs are nodding their purple and white 
plumes, and the sweet-breathed cherry blossoms are hourly opening into 
new white stars. In full symmetrical globes of bloom stands the stately 
gelder rose, lifting her crown of purity up into the blue sky, — and all the 
earth rejoices and praises God." 

Battle of Chancellorsville, Va., 1st to 4th, 1863. 
It was twilight hour on the second of May, 

The flowers looked up from the sod; 
And the nesting of birds in the hush of the day 

Sang matins of praises to God. 
But the sun had spread over valley and hill 
A mantle of blood on the grim battlefield; 
None more do we honor, whose names shall live still, 
Than these martyred heroes at Chancellorsville. 

— Libbie C. Baer. 
Treaty of alliance between France and the United States, 3rd, 1778. 
May the friendship of the two Republics be commensurate with their 
existence — George Washington. 

Horace Mann, born 4, 1776. 
Battle Palo Alto, Mexico 8th, 1846. 

Gen. John Stark died 8th, 1822. 

"There they are boys! We beat them today, or Mollie Stark's a widow." 

John Brown, born 9th, 1800; died December 2nd, 1859. 

"He grew up a religious and manly person, in severe poverty; a fair 
specimen of the best stock of New England; having that force of 
thought and that sense of right which are the warp and woof of great- 
ness." — Emerson. 



78 

Ethan Allen captured Ticomderoga ioth, 1776. 

"In the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress." 

Battle Champion Hill, Miss., 16th, 1863. 

Israel Putnam died 19th, 1790. 

"He dared to lead where any dared to follow." 

Gen. A. E. Burnside, born 23rd, 1824, died Sept. 13th, 1881. 

First telegraph mess-age 24th, 1844. 

Ralph Waldo Emerson, born 25th, 1803, died April 27th, 1882. 
When the Church is social worth; 
When the State House is the hearth; 
Then the perfect state is come, 
The Republican at home." 



"So nigh is grandeur to our dust, 

So near is God to man, 
When Duty whispers low, 'Thou must, : 

The youth replies, 'can.' " 



-Emerson. 



-Emerson. 



General Nathaniel Greene, born 27th, 1742, died June 19th, 1786. 
Nurtured in peril, lo! the peril came, 
To lead him on from field to field — -to fame. 

"My diplomacy is in the mouth of my cannon." 

Patrick Henry, born 29th, 1736, died June 6th, 1799. 
"I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me 
liberty, or give me death." 

One of the few — the immortal names 
That were not born to die. 

— Halleck. 
Battle of Corinth, Miss., 30th, 1862. 

Memorial Day, 30th. 

"The broken ranks shall once more bend above their comrades' graves 
and all lay their precious offerings there, but sweeter than the flowers 
they bring will be the heart-felt, silent tear that springs unbidden to the 
eye. Sleep well, O brave and noble ones." 

Walt Whitman born 31st, 1819, died March 26, 1892. 

We have seen the alacrity with which the American-born populace, the 
peaceblest and most good-natured race in the world, and the most per- 
sonally independent and intelligent, and the least fitted to submit to the 
irksomeness and exasperation of regimental discipline, sprang, at the first 
tap of the drum, to arms — not for gain, nor even glory, nor to repel in- 
vasion — but for an emblem, a mere abstraction — for the life, the safety of 
the flag.— Walt Whitman. 

JUNE. 

"Oh, lovely June now beautifies the ground, and smiles on earth and 
sky. There is no nook so deeply hidden but feels the warmth of her 
welcome presence, and no brook or stream too small to reflect her image. 

O, rare sweet June, our hearts grow lighter because of your coming; 
we lift grateful hearts to Heaven that earth is made so wondrous fair 
to us." 



79 

Gen. Phil Kearney, born 2nd, 1815, killed in the battle of Chantilly, Va., 
Sept. 1st, 1862. 

'Thou hast gone, old soldier, true and brave, 
Above the stars in mystic lands to dwell. 
Farewell! thou hast passed beyond the grave, 
Farewell, dear Comrade, a long farewell." 

Gen. Benjamin F. Butler's famous Flag Order No. 10, 5th, 1862. 

Wm. B. Mumford, a citizen of New Orleans, before a military com- 
mission, having been convicted of treason, in tearing down the United 
States flag from a public building of the United States,, for the purpose of 
inciting other evil-minded persons to further resistance to the laws and 
arms of the United States, after said flag was placed there by Commodore 
(flag officer) Farragut, of the United States navy. 

"It is ordered that he be executed according to the sentence of the said 
military commission, on Saturday, June 7th, in St., between the hours of 
eight a. m., and twelve m., under the direction of the provost-marshal of 
the district of New Orleans; and for so doing this shall be his sufficient 
warrant." 

Gen. Alfred Pleasanton born 7th, 1824. 

"In case Congress should think it necessary for the safety of the United 
Colonies to declare their independence of Great Britain, the inhabitants 
with their lives and their fortunes will most cheerfully support the 
measure." — American Press 8th, 1776. 

John Howard Payne, author of "Home, Sweet Home," born 9th, 1792, 
died April 10th, 1852. 

"An exile from home, splendor dazzles in vain 

Oh, give me my lowly thatched cottage again; 

The birds singing gaily, that come at my call; 

Give me them, and that peace of mind, dearer than all." 

Nathan Hale resigned his life a sacrifice to his country's liberty; born 
9th, 1755, died Sept. 22nd, 1776. 

"Who would not be that youth? What pity 'tis that we can die but 
once to save our country." 

"I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country," were the 
last words uttered by the. young patriot. 

Battle between the Kearsarge and Alabama, 10th, 1864. 
Declaration of Independence drafted nth, 1776, 

Gen. Winfield Scott born 13th, 1817, died May 29th, 1886. 

Flag Day — Stars and Stripes adopted 14th, 1777. 

The day should be celebrated by unfurling the flag over every school, 
and over public and private buildings with appropriate exercises. 
A song for our banner! The watchword recall 

Which gave the Republic her station: 
"United we stand, divided we fall." 
It made and preserves us a nation." 

— George C. Morris. 
"Then let the starry banner wave; 

Let songs o'er the nation ring, 
To hail the flag that freemen gave — 
A costly, bright and sacred thing — 
Till stars shall crowd upon the field, 

Undimmed with aught of error's night, 
Whose bliss shall be the earth revealed, 
That freedom is Eternal right!" 

— William Oland Bourne. 



go 

Gen. kobert Anderson, "Hero of Fort Sumter," born 14th, 1805, died 
Oct. 27th, 1871. 

Washington appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army 
15th, 1775. 

"And immortal Washington 
Led Columbia's patriots on 
Till the glorious prize was won — 
Peace and Liberty." 

Battle of Bunker Hill 17th, 1775. 
"What though the day to us was lost, upon the deathless page 
The everlasting charter stands, for every land and age." 

Admiral George Brown*, born 19th, 1835. 

A typical patriotic American citizen, a loyal sailor who served his coun- 
try and flag with distinguished honors, upholding them right or wrong. 

Gen. Abner Doubleday bo-rn 26th, 1819, died Jan. 28th, 1893. 

Battle of Monmouth, N. J., 28th, 1778. 

JULY. 

"The year is half gone, and we stand today looking into the face of 
July, wondering what she has in store for us. The passing days have 
had their bitter and sweet. Trials or sorrows are hardest while we live 
them; joys are sweetest when they are gone. But let us thank God for 
both." 

Battle of Malvern Hill 1st, 1862. The last oi the seven days' battles. 

Battle of Gettysburg 1st to 3rd, 1863. 

Independence Day, 4th, 1776. National Holiday. 

Signing the Declaration, of Independence, 4th, 1776. 

This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, that govern- 
ment of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish 
from the earth. — Abraham Lincoln. 

The generations .of men shall come and go, the gieatness shall be for- 
gotten today, and the glories of this noon! shall vanish before tomorrow's 
sun; but America shall not perish, but endure while the spirk of our 
fathers animates their sons.— Henry x\rmitt Brown. 

Surrender of Vicksburg, Miss., 4th, 1863. 

Admiral David G. Farragut born 5th, 1801, died Aug. 14th, 1870. 

Here's one whose fearless courage never failed in fight, 

Who guarded with zeal our country's flag, our freedom and our right. 

St. Clair abandoned Ticonderoga 5th, 1777. 

Of the loss of Ticonderoga wrote John Adams— "We shall never be 
able to defend a post till we shoot a general." 

Paul Jones born 6th, 1747, died July 18th, 1792. 

The spirit of our Yankee tars was stronger than their ships, 
You know from Fame's own lips, 

Victory of Paul Jones off the coast of England, 1779. 

May the service united ne'er sever, 

But they to the colors prove true; 
The army and navy for ever; 
Three cheers for the red, white, and blue! 



81 

And the name of John Paul Jones and the Bonhomme Richard will go 
down the annals of time forever. 

On the 9th, 1776, the populace of New York tore down the leaden 
statue of George III, which was oast into forty thousand bullets by pa- 
triotic women. — Irving. 

So, said a contemporary writer, "They had melted Majesty hurled at 
them." 

Gen. David Hunter, born 21st, 1802, died Feb. 2nd, 1886. 

Gen. Jno. A. Dix, born 24th, 1798, died April 21st, 1879. 
"If any one attempts to haul down the American Flag shoot him on 
the 9pot." 

"Our flag is the symbol of power, 

The emblem of union and truth; 

It waves o'er the land of the free, 

As fair as the visions of youth. 

It never shall sink in disgrace 

While a true heart remains in our land; 
We will leave to our children that flag 
As pure as it came to our hand." 

—Gilbert Nash. 
Gen. George H. Thomas, "The Rock of Chickamauga," born 31st, 1816, 
died March 28, 1890. 

AUGUST. 

"All silent she steals in among us, — quiet, dreamy August, following 
close on the footsteps of daisy-crowned July. The poppy blazes in the 
sunshine, the grain fields are ripening into golden splendor, and the but- 
terflies and humming birds seemed to have gathered the gorgeousness of 
nature's lovliest hues and imprisoned them within their folded wings." 

Declaration of Independence signed by representatives of the Thirteen 
States, 2nd, 1776. 
"Liberty and union, one and inseparable, now and forever." 

2nd, 1777, Stars and Stripes were unfurled for the first time on a fort. 

Oliver Perry Morton (war governor of Indiana) born 4th, 1823, died 
Nov. 1st, 1877. 

"He loved his country's good, with a respect more tender, more holy 
and profound, than his own life.'" 

Naval battle and siege of Mobile Bay, Ala., 5th to 23rd, 1864. 

Gen. Lovel H. Rousseau, born 4th, 1818, died Jan. 7, 1869. 

Gen. Nelson A. Miles, born 8th, 1839. 

General Andrew Pickens died 17th, 1817. 

Whose valiant sword and stout right arm, 

With many a timely blow, 
Have wrought new glory for its stars, 
And crushed the haughty foe. 
Battles in front of Petersburg and Weldon Railroad, Va., 18th to 25th, 
1864. 
Battle Cherusbusco, Mexico, 20th, 1847. 
Mary, mother of Washington, died 25th, 1789. 

A perfect woman, nobly planned, 
To warn, to comfort, to command, 
And yet a spirit still and bright, 
With something of an angel light. 



82 

Washington's address before the battle of Long Island 27th, 1776: 
''Let us then rely on the goodness of our cause and the aid of the 
Supreme Being, in whose hands victory is, to animate and encourage us 
to great and noble action." 
John Stark, born 28th, 1728. 

There sounds not to the trump of fame 
The echo of a nobler name. 
Oliver Wendell Holmes, born 29th, 1809, died Oct. 7th, 1894. 
His life was gentle; the elements 
So mixed in him that nature 
Might stand up and say to 
All the world, This was a man. 

— Shakespeare. 
The great French squadron arrived off Yorktown, 31st, 1781. 
Then rang the cheer that all the shores repeat, 
Re-echoing o'er the sea. 

SEPTEMBER. 

"Like an oriental princess comes the beautiful maid September. All 
silently she buries her shapely feet among the grasses, and trails her stately 
garments down the wooden aisles, and the woodland echoes whisper to 
each other, 'Behold, September is here!' Our fair, sweet Summer has 
flown, but lo, in her stead September walks among us clothed in all the 
regal splendor of autumnal cclors." 
First Monday "Labor Day. ' 

Final treaty of peace with Great Britain signed, 3rd, 1783. 
"Blessed with victory and peace, may the Heaven-rescued land praise 
the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation." 

Continental Congress first session at Philadelphia, Pa., 5th, 1774. 
Removed to Washington, D. C, 1801. 

Gen. Wm. S. Rosecrans, born 6th, 1819, a devout Christian soldier and 
loyal citizen. 
Gen, Marquis de Lafayette, born 6th, 1757, died May 20, 1834. 
One in our faith, and one our longing 

To make the world within our reach 
Somewhat the better for our living, 
And gladder for our human speech. 

— Whittier. 
And soon to the flag from the Gallic shore 
Came a noble youth the rough sea o'er; 
And others from thence his steps pursued, 
Their hearts with freedom's love imbued. 
First battle under the Stars and Stripes nth, 1777. 

Gen. John Sedgwick, born 13th, 1813, killed at Spottsylvania, Va., 
Birth of our National Hymn, "Star Spangled Banner," 14th, 1818. 
Perry's victory on Lake Erie, ioth, 1813. 
Mexico surrendered 14th, 1847. 
Battle of Chapultepec, Mexico, 13th, 1847. 
Battle of South Mountain 14th, 1862. 
Adoption United States Constitution 17th, 1787. 
Battle of Monterey, Mexico, 21st to 23rd, 1846. 

Gen. John F. Reynolds, born 20th, 1820, killed at the battle of Gettys- 
burg, 1st, 1863. 



83 

Emancipation Day Proclamation 22nd, 1862. 

Lieut. Stafford's heroic act in saving the Stars and Stripes on the Bor 
Homme Richard 23rd, 1779. 

The Stars and Stripes entwined for the first time with the French flag- 
in friendly communion 25th, 1794. 

Samuel Adams, "Father of the American Revolution," born 27th, 1722. 

Probably no other man did as much as he to bring about ihe Declara- 
tion of Independence. — Appleton. 

Gen. John M. Schofield, born 29th, 1831. 

Gen. Samuel P. Heintzelman, born 30th, 1805, died May 1st, 1880. 

OCTOBER. 

"October, the month of joy, and fruitfulness. The autumn leaves 
burn red and gold, as if enkindled one by one by nature's warm and 
cheery fires to light the footsteps of the year. The season wings its 
onward flight; the year is running fast its course, but ere it dies, behold 
how bright, how beautiful, how glorious its orient hues!" 

Gen, E. O. C. Ord, born 1st, 1818, died July 22nd, 1883. 

Jonathan Edwards, born 5th, 1703. 

And he the good man's shield and shade, 
To whom all hearts their homage paid, 
As virtue's son. 

A terrific assault on Savannah, 9th, 1779. French and Americans re- 
pulsed. 

Sergeant Jasper mortally wounded while placing the flag on the re- 
doubt. 

How curious that a few yards of bunting 
Should have so great a charm! 

Discovery of America 12th, 1492. 

Noah Webster, born 16th, 1758. 

Aid the dawning tongue and pen; 
Aid it, hopes of honest men; 
Aid it, paper; aid it, type; 
Aid it, for the hour is ripe. 
Gen. Burgoyne's surrender 17th, 1777. 

Surrender of Cornwallis and the British Army at Yorktown, Va., 19, 
1781. 
Battle of Cedair Creek, Va., (Sheridan's Ride) 19th, 1864. 
Daniel E. Sickles, born 30th, 1822. 

"Old Ironside," launched 21st, 1797. Built by contributions of the pa- 
triotic women of Boston, Mass.: 

"O, better that her shattered hulk, 
Should sink beneath the waves; 
Her thunder shook the mighty deep, 
And there should be her grave; 
Nail to the mast her holy flag, 
Set every thread-bare sail, 
And give her to the God of Storms 
The lightning and the gale." 
Battle oif White Plains, New York, 28th, 1776. 

Yet though destruction sweep these lovely plains, 
Rise, fellow-men, our country still remains. 

— Campbell. 



84 

NOVEMBER. 

"November! her stone the topaz; her motto fidelity. The warm, rich 
colors of the topaz are lighting the dawn of November, and all her sun- 
sets will wear their soft amber glow. Let us take the motto as our 
own, and be faithful and true in all things/' 
Gen. Godfrey Weitzel, born ist, 1831, died March 19, 1884. 
Washington's farewell address to the American Army 2nd, 1783. 
"The name of America must always exalt the just pride of patriot- 
ism." — Washington, 
William Cullen Bryant, born 3rd, 1794, died June 12, 1878. 
Gen. Benjamin F. Butler, born 5th, 1818, died Jan. ist, 1893. 
Battle of Tippecanoe, Indiana, 7th, 181 1. 
Gen. O. O. Howard, born 8th, 1830. 
A noble soldier; a lifelong Christian. 
First Stars and Stripes raised in Alaska, 8th, 1867. 
Elijah P. Lovejoy, born 9th, 1802. 

Gen. Alfred H. Terry, born 13th, 1814, died Oct. 31st, 1879. 
Gen. J. B. McPherson, born 14th, 1828, killed in battle July 22nd, 1864. 
"Full of hope and manly trust, 

Like those who fell in battle here." 

— Bryant. 
Gen. Joe Hooker, born 13th, 1814, died Oct. 31st, 1879. 
A. braver soldier never fought for his country and flag. 
Col. Geo. W. Meikel, born 14, 1837; killed in battle, Sept. 10, 1864. 
Gen. Philip Schuyler died 18th, 1804. 

"Patient of toil, serene amidst alarms, 
Inflexible in faith, invincible in arms." 
North Carolina ratified the Constitution of the United States 21st, 1789. 
"So acted men 
Like patriots then, 
One hundred years ago." 
Wendell Phillips, born 29th, 181 1. 

"What the Puritans gave the world was not thought, but action." 
Battle-Ship Maine, launched November 18, 1890. Destroyed in Havana 
harbor through Spanish intrigue and treachery February 15, 1898. Com- 
memorate the day with memorial service sacred to the memory of the 
253 brave officers and men who sacrificed their lives for their country and 
flag. 

Last Thursday in the month is Thanksgiving Day. 

'The thankful heart is full of gratitude at all seasons of the year, but 
joyfully sets apart one royal day in which to be especially thankful. As 
the Sabbath is the crown of the week, so is Thanksgiving Day the crown 
of the year in which jewels of praise shine with brightest lustre." 

DECEMBER. 

"And now across the face of Time a shadow falls. We greet the 
twelfth month drawing near and cry, 'You come too soon; our year's 
good work is not half done.' " 

Siege of Nashville, Tenn., ist to 14th, 1864. 
Gen. Geo. B. McClellan, born 3rd, 1826, died Oct. 29th, 1885. 
Gen. Geo. A. Custer, born 5th, 1839, killed at battle of Little Big Horn, 
June 25th, 1876. 

A martyr to his country. 

Delaware ratified the Constitution of the United States, 6th, 1787. 
Be just, be brave! and let thy name 
Henceforth Columbia's be. 
And wear the oaken wreath of fame, 
The wreath of Liberty. 



85 

William Lloyd Garrison, born ioth, 1805, died May 24th, 1879. 
"I will be as harsh as truth and as uncompromising as justice." 

Pennsylvania ratified the Constitution of the United States 12th, 1787. 
Thrilling up from each valley, 
Flung down from each height, 
Our Country and Liberty! 
God for the right. 

George Washington died December 14th, 1799. 

How needless to him a tomb to raise, 
Whose fame must live to the end of days! 
On a people's hearts, not on senseless stone, 
Is engraven the name of Washington. 

— Amelia Opie. 

John Greenleaf Whittier, born 17th, 1807, died Sept. 7th, 1888. 
"Blessings on the little man, 
Barefoot boy, with cheeks of tan! 
With thy turned-up pantaloons, 
And thy merry whistled tunes; 
With thy red lips redder still, 
Kissed by strawberries on the hill; 
With the sunshine on thy face, 
Through thy torn brain's jaunty grace; 
From my heart I give thee joy — 
I was once a barefoot boy!" 

New Jersey ratified the Constitution of the United States 18th, 1787. 

Sail on, O Ship of State! 
Sail on, O Union, strong and great! 
Humanity with all its fears, 
With all the hopes of future years, 
Is hanging breathless on thy fate. 

— Longfellow. 
Landing of the Pilgrims Forefathers Day 22nd, 1761. 

"O earth, O heart, be glad on this glad morn! 
God is with man! Life, life to us is born!" 

— Lucy Larcom. 
Christmas Day, 25th. 

A happy greeting! Hail the day of all glad days that bless the year! 
Oh, may the peace of Christmas-tide be yours in heart and home today, 
and may a song of praise ascend from happy earth to Heaven above, for 
this, the sweetest gift of all — the gift of Christ, the Son of God, the King 
and Saviour of the World! Bright be your hearthstone, glad your heart, 
and may the song the angels sang of "Peace on Earth, Good-will to 
men," find echo in your soul today. A merry Christmas-tide be yours. 
— Ida Scott Taylor. 

Battle of Trenton, N. J., 26th, 1776. 

"And then arose a mighty shout, 

That might have waked the dead, 
'Hurrah! they run — the field is won; 

Hurrah! the foe is fled.'" 

Battle of Vicksburg, Miss.. 28th and 29th, 1862. 

Gen. George G. Meade, born 31st, 1815, dhd Nov. 6, 1872. 
An American nobleman, a faithful Christian soldier. 



Prestbents of tfye Hntteb States 

from H789 to J897, 




THE BIRTHPLACE OF INDEPENDENCE. 



INDEPENDENCE HALL, PHILADELPHIA, 

In which the Declaration of Independence was signed by fifty- 
six representatives of the States, July 4, 1776. 

The building was — 

Commenced, 1732. 

Completed, 1741. 

Occupied as " The State House,' ' October, 1735. 

Tower built, 1750. 

In this old building was the scene of almost all the civil events 

of the revolution. 



87 





FIRST PRESIDENT, 1789-1797. 



GEORGE WASHINGTON 

Was born at Bridge Creek, in Westmoreland County, Va., Friday, Feb. 
22, 1732. His ancestry was English. He never entered college. His 
earliest years were spent at Mt. Vernon, Va. He spent three years — 
from 1748 to 1751 — in the survey of large territories in Virginia. In 1751 
he was appointed Adjutant-General of the provincial troops, with rank 
of Major. In 1754 he commanded a regiment against the French; about 
this time he received the rank of Colonel. In 1759 he married Mrs. 
Martha Custis, and retired to his estates. For some years he was a 
member of the Virginia Assembly, and in 1774 took up the cause of the 
colonists, becoming a member of the Continental Congress. In 1775 he 
was made Commander-in-Chief of the armies. When independence was 
achieved, he retired to his estate at Alt. Vernon. He was inaugurated 
President at New York, April 30, 1789; re-elected 1792. Died at Mt. 
V T ernon, Saturday, December 14, 1799. 



8§ 





mid 



SECOND PRESIDENT, 1797-1801. 



JOHN ADAMS 

Was of Puritan descent. Born at Braintree, Massachusetts, Wednes- 
day, October 30, 1735. He taught school for two years, while studying 
law. In 1770 he was one of the selectmen in the Boston Convention to 
protest against British imposts on tea, glass, etc. In 1773 he was a mem- 
ber of the Council of State. In 1774 he was one of the delegates to the 
first Continental Congress, which met at Philadelphia; he advocated the 
Declaration of Independence, and was pronounced by Jefferson the ablest 
champion of independence on the floor of the House. In 1780 he was 
sent as Minister to Holland. In 1782 he negotiated, with others, the 
Treaty of Peace with England. In 1785 he went as the first Ambassador 
from the United States to that nation. From 1789 to 1797 was Vice 
President under Washington. He became President 1797. His death 
occurred at Quincy, Mass., Tuesday, July 4, 1826. 



89 





*77l^ 



THIRD PRESIDENT, 1801-1809. 



THOMAS JEFFERSON 

Was born at Shadwell, Virginia, Tuesday, x\pril 13, 1743. He studied 
at William and Mary College, and was a member of the first Virginia 
Convention which met independently of British authority. The original 
draft of the Declaration of Independence was his work. He was a warm 
advocate of the abolition of slavery. He was elected Governor of Vir- 
ginia in 1779. Was sent to Paris to negotiate treaties of commerce with 
several European powers. In 1789 he was chosen Secretary of State, and 
served till the close of 1793. Three years later he was chosen Vice Presi- 
dent under Adams. In 1800 there was a tie vote for President between 
Jefferson and Aaron Burr. Jefferson was selected by the House of 
Representatives. He was re-elected in 1805. Louisiana was acquired 
b}' purchase from the French during Jefferson's presidency. By a 
strange coincidence he died, Tuesday, July 4, 1826, at Monticello, Va., on 
the same day and year that ex-President John Adams died at Quincy, 
Mass. 



90 




J-dsC<^-* *^C 6o<*&t* SU* 



FOURTH PRESIDENT, 1809-1817. 



JAMES MADISON 

Was born at Port Conway, King George County, Virginia, Friday 16, 
1751. He graduated at Princeton College, N. J., in 1771, and afterwards 
studied law and practiced at the bar; but gave up the profession for poli- 
tics when the struggle of independence began. In 1776 he became a 
member of the Virginia Convention; and in 1779 a member of the Fed- 
eral Congress. He was a member of the Convention of 1787, which 
met at Philadelphia to form the Constitution. He became a member of 
the United States Congress in 1789, and united with the Republicans in 
opposition to the Administration. He was an advocate against Federal 
encroachment on the rights of States. In 1808 he was elected President. 
He endeavored in vain to avert the war with England, which was de- 
clared in 1812, and w'hich continued for two years. He was re-elected 
President in 1812, and died at Montpelier, Va., Tuesday, June 28, 1836 



91 




^0^*2^z^*7- 



FIFTH PRESIDENT, 1817-1825. 



JAMES MONROE 

Was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, Friday, April 28, 1758. 
He entered the army as a volunteer at the age of eighteen, and was 
present at several battles. He was wounded at the battle of Trenton. 
He was educated at William and Mary College, and later studied law. 
In 1782 he was elected to the Assembly of Virginia, and in 1783 was 
elected to the General Congress. In 1788 he was one of the Virginia 
Convention, where he opposed the Constitution, fearing the encroach- 
ments of the Federal Government. For two years, from 1704, he was 
Minister to France. He was for three years Governor of Virginia 
(1799-1802). In 1803 he was again sent to France to aid in the purchase 
of Louisiana. He was made Secretary of State in 181 1, though just 
elected Governor of Virginia. In 1816 he was elected President, and 
was re-elected in 1820. He promulgated what is known as the "Monroe 
Doctrine." or .the policy of non-interference between the United States 
and the nations of the old world. His death occurred in New York City, 
N. Y., Monday, July 4, 1831. 



92 




SIXTH PRESIDENT, 1825-1829. 



JOHN QUINCY ADAMS 

Was born at Braintree, Mass., Saturday, July n, 1767, and was the eld- 
est son of the second President of the United States. He enjoyed rare 
educational advantages. Accompanying his father to Paris in 1778, he 
attended school there. Later on he pursued his studies at the University 
of Leyden. He entered Harvard College in 1786, and graduated from 
it in 1788. He was admitted to the bar in T791, and began practice in 
Boston. He was sent as Minister to Holland in 1794, and in 1797 as 
Minister to Berlin. In 1803 he was elected United States Senator. He 
was for a time professor of rhetoric at Harvard. Having a misunder- 
standing with the Federalists, he became connected with the Coalition 
party. In 1809 he was appointed Minister to Russia, and was made 
Secretary of State in 1817. He was elected President in 1824. In 1831 
he went to Congress, and served there for seventeen years. His death 
occurred in the Halls of Congress, Washington, D. C, Monday, Febru- 
ary 23, 1848. 



93 




SEVENTH PRESIDENT, 1829-1837. 
ANDREW JACKSON. 
Was born in Mecklenberg County, North Carolina, Sunday, March 15, 
1767, and was of Irish descent. He had meager educational advantages. 
He served in the Revolutionary War, and was once taken prisoner by 
the British. In 1785 he began to study law at Salisbury. North 
Carolina, and began first to practice at Nashville, Tenn., in 1788. In 
1796 he was instrumental in passing the Constitution of Tennessee, and 
was sent to Congress from that State. He was a Judge of the Tennessee 
Supreme Court from 1798 to 1804. He took part in the War of 1812 
with Great Britain, and in 1814 was appointed Major-General of the 
United States Army, commanding the American forces at the Battle of 
New Orleans. He also quelled the Seminole Indian outbreak in Florida 
1817. His stubbornness of character won him the nickname of "Old 
Hickory." _ He was the first Governor of Florida in 1821. He was 
elected President in 1828, and again elected in 1832. His death occurred 
at Hermitage, near Nashville, Tenn., Sunday, June 8, 1845. 



94 




O& 7/lS^c 6<Lsf3 UC^C 



C*-j 



EIGHTH PRESIDENT, 1837-1841. 



MARTIN VAN BUREN 

Was born at Kinderhook, N. Y., Thursday, December 5, 1782. He 
was educated at the Kinderhook Academy, taking up the study of law 
and was admitted to the bar in 1803. At an early age he became inter- 
ested in politics, and in 1812 he was elected to the Senate of New York. 
He was appointed Attorney-General of New York in 1815, and in 1816 
was returned again to the State Senate. He became a United States 
Senator in 1821, and continued to hold that office till 1827. In 1829 he 
became Governor of New York, but soon afterwards resigned to become 
Secretary of State under Andrew Jackson. Three years later he 
became Vice President under Jackson, and in 1836 he was elected Presi- 
dent of the United States. He was the first to propose the plan of an 
independent Treasury, which was finally adopted in 1840. It was dur- 
ing his term of office that the commercial crisis of 1837 occurred, in which 
all the banks suspended specie payment. His death occurred at Kin- 
derhook, N. Y., Thursday, July 24, 1862. 



95 




dcrfrfia*«>*J**^ 



NINTH PRESIDENT, 1841. 



WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON. 

Was the son of Benjamin Harrison, one of the signers of the Declara- 
tion of Independence. He was born in Berkeley, Virginia, Tuesday, 
February 9, 1773, and was educated in Hampden, Sidney College. It was 
his intention to enter the medical profession, but in 1791 he joined the 
army led by Wayne against the Indians in the Northwest. In this 
campaign he acted as ensign. In 1797 he left the army, and five years 
later was made Governor of the territory of Indiana. The nickname of 
"Tippecanoe," which he earned, was on account of his victory over the 
great Chief, Tecumseh, at a place called Tippecanoe. In 1813 he was 
made Major-General, and three years later was elected to Congress; in 
1824 he was elected to the Senate, and later was sent as Ambassador to 
Colombia. The Whig Party nominated him to the presidency in 1836, but 
he was defeated. He was, however, elected to the presidency^ 1840, but 
died the following year, a month after his inauguration. His death oc- 
curred at the White House, Washington, D. C, Sunday, April 4, l8 4i- 



96 




TENTH PRESIDENT, 1841-1845. 



JOHN TYLER 
Was born in Charles City County, Virginia, Monday, March 29, 1790, 
and at an early age practiced law. At the age of 21 he was elected to 
the State Legislature of Virginia, and was re-elected five tim.es in suc- 
cession. As a strong advocate of State Rights he entered Congress in 
1816. In 1825 he occupied the chair of Governor of Virginia, and was 
returned to the United States Senate in 1827. He ran with Harrison for 
Vice President in 1840, was elected, and at the death of Harrison, on 
April 2, 1841, he became President. It was during his administra- 
tion that Texas was annexed to the United States, and at the end of his 
official term he retired to private life; but with the breaking out o-f the 
Rebellion he sided with the Confederates, and was for a time a member 
of their Congress. His death occurred at the Ballard House, Richmond, 
Va., Friday, January 17, 1862. 



97 





c^W 




^g^ ,rn ,.- 



ELEVENTH PRESIDENT, 1845-1849. 



JAMES K. POLK 

Was born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, Monday, Novem- 
ber 2, 1795, and graduated from the University of that State. He was 
called to the bar in 1820, and three years later was elected to the Legis- 
lature of Tennessee. In 1825 he was a member of the United States 
Congress from that State. Ten years later he was chosen Speaker of the 
House of Representatives, and was also Speaker of Congress from 1837 
to 1838. The year following he was elected Governor of Tennessee, and 
in 1844 was elected President' of the United States. It was during his 
administration that the final consummation of annexation of Texas to the 
United States was made. His death occurred at Nashville, Tenn., Fri- 
day, June 15, 1849. 



98 




TWELFTH PRESIDENT, 1849-1850. 
ZACHARY TAYLOR. 
Was born in Orange County, Va., Tuesday November 24, 1784. In 
his early childhood he was taken to Louisville, Ky., where he grew up 
working on the home plantation. His education was of the simplest. He 
was appointed a Lieutenant in the United States Infantry in 1808, and 
two years later was promoted to a captaincy. In 1832 he served as a 
Colonel in a war against the Indian Chief, Black Hawk. He defeated 
the Seminoles, in Florida, in December, 1837, thus terminating the war. 
In the Mexican War he was sent to protect Texas, and laid siege to 
Monterey. He won the battle of Buena Vista. Was elected President 
in 1848, and died sixteen months after his inauguration. His death oc- 
curred at the White House, Washington, D. C, Tuesday, July 9, 1850. 



99 




^^^COuCa^oO yCcfowtrid 



THIRTEENTH PRESIDENT, 1850-1853. 



MILLARD FILLMORE. 
Was born at Summer Hill, in New York State, Tuesday, January 7, 
1800. The only education he received was at a village school. At an 
early age he was apprenticed to a wool-carder, and while still a young 
man entered the law office of Judge Wood, who assisted him financially, 
and also assisted him in his law studies. In 1827 he was called to the 
bar, and two years later was elected to the New York Legislature. In 
1832 he was elected to the United States Congress, and was subsequently 
re-elected three different times. In 1847 he was Comptroller of the State 
of New York, and one year later was elected Vice President of the 
United States. On account of the death of Zachary Taylor, he succeed- 
ed to the presidency the following year. His death occurred at Buffalo, 
N. Y., Sunday, March 9, 1874. 



ICO 





W/MMk.M^t'od 



FOURTEENTH PRESIDENT, 1853-1857. 



FRANKLIN PIERCE. 

Was born at Hillsborough, New Hampshire, Friday, November 23, 
1804. He graduated from Bowdoin College, Me., in the year 1824. 
Under Levi Woodbury he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1827. He practiced law at Hillsborough, his native town, and in 1833 
was elected a member of Congress, four years later being returned to the 
United States Senate. He resigned in 1842 to take up again his legal pro- 
fession at Concord, N. H. At the beginning of the Mexican War he en- 
tered the army as a private, and in 1847 was made Brigadier-General. He 
was elected President of the United States in 1852. It was under his ad- 
ministration that Jefferson Davis was appointed Secretary of War. Dur- 
ing his term of office several important commercial treaties were con- 
summated with foreign nations. His death occurred at Concord, N. H., 
Friday, October 8, 1869. 



101 




ZSZ-tZ^U 



FIFTEENTH PRESIDENT, 1857-1861. 



JAMES BUCHANAN. 

Was born at Stony Batter, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, Saturday, 
April 23, 1791. It was at Dickinson College, Carlisle, that he received his 
education. After studying law he was admitted to the bar in 1812. Two 
years later he entered the Pennsylvania Legislature, and in 1820 he was 
chosen as a member of Congress. He remained there until 1831, when he 
was sent as A-mbassador to Russia, a position which he occupied for three 
years. In 1833 he was elected United States Senator from Pennsylvania, 
and remained in the Senate until 1845, when he was appointed Secretary of 
State by President Polk. Some years later he retired to private life, and in 
1853 he was appointed United States Minister to England. In 1856 he 
was elected President of the United States. His death occurred at 
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Monday, June 1, 1868. 




cS/^h^lCtfVw 



SIXTEENTH PRESIDENT, 1861-1865. 
ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 
Was born at Nolin Creek, Hardin County, Kentucky, Sunday, Febru- 
ary 12, 1809. His ancestors were English Quakers. In 1816 his father 
moved to Indiana. For ten years Lincoln worked on the farm at home; 
his whole time at school did not exceed one year, but he was a voracious 
reader. In 1831 he helped to build a flat-boat on the Mississippi, on 
which he worked his way to New Orleans. On his return he became a 
clerk in a New Salem store. Two years later he became captain of volun- 
teers. From 1834 to 1840 he was a member of the Illinois Legislature, 
where he was an acknowledged leader, in the meantime studying law. 
Springfield, 111., was the first place where he began to practice law, in 1846. 
From 1849 to 1854 he practiced law, and was elected President of the 
United States in i860; the following year the War of the 
Rebellion broke out. On September 22, 1862, he issued the memorable 
Emancipation Proclamation declaring the abolition of slavery. He was 
re-elected President in 1864; was assassinated on April 14, 1865, and died 
at Washington, D. C, April 15, 1865. 




SEVENTEENTH PRESIDENT, 1865-1869. 
ANDREW JOHNSON. 
Was born at Raleigh, N. C., Thursday, December 29, 1808. He served 
ten years as an apprentice to a tailor, during which time he taught him- 
self reading and writing. Some years later he was made Alderman of 
the village of Greenville, and in 1830 was elected Mayor, serving a term 
of three years. He was in the Legislature from" 1835 to 1837 and 
again from 1839 to 184T. He was elected State Senator of Tennessee, 
and in 1843 was sent to the United States Congress, where he remained 
for ten years. At the end of this term he was elected Governor of Ten- 
nessee and again in 1855 he served another term as Governor. He 
was United States Senator from 1857 to 1863, was Vice President under 
Lincoln, and at Lincoln's death succeeded to the presidency. He was 
impeached by the House in March, 1868, but was acquitted. His death 
occurred at Greenville, Tenn., Saturday, July 31, 1875. 




EIGHTEENTH PRESIDENT, 1869-187^ 
ULYSSES S. GRANT 
Was born at Point Pleasant, Ohio, Saturday, April 27, 1822. In 1839 
he entered the West Point Military Academy. In 1843 he was com- 
missioned as a Second Lieutenant, and served in the Mexican War, under 
General Taylor. He was promoted to First Lieutenant in 1847, and 
served on the Pacific coast until 1854, when he resigned and lived on a 
farm for four years. Owing to bad health he gave up farming, and 
went into business in St. Louis. In i860 he went into his father's store 
at Galena, 111. When Lincoln called for troops in 1861, Grant drilled a 
company and took it to Springfield. On June 17th, he was made 
Colonel of the Twenty-first Illinois Infantry: shortly afterward he was 
promoted to Brigadier-General, and in .1864 was made Commander-in- 
Chief of the United States Armies. The rank of General was specially 
created for him in 1866. Two years later, in 1868, he was elected Presi- 
dent, and again to a second term in 1872. His death occurred at Mt. 
McGregor, N. Y„ Thursday, July 23, 1885. 




&/$■?. fyfi^' 



NINETEENTH PRESIDENT, 1877-1881. 
RUTHERFORD B. HAYES 
Was born at Delaware, Ohio, Friday, October 4, 1822. He graduated 
from Kenyon College and from the School of Law at Harvard. In the 
year 1845 he began to practice at the bar in Lower Sandusky, Ohio, and 
was City Solicitor of Cincinnati from the year 1859 to 1861. At the 
breaking out of the Civil Was he was appointed Major of the Twenty- 
third Ohio Infantry, and was shortly afterward promoted to the rank of 
Lieut. -Colonel. In the campaign of West Virginia he took a very promi- 
nent part, and was severely wounded at the battle of South Mountain. He 
was made Brigadier-General in 1864. Was elected to Congress for 
a while from 1864 to 1866. In 1868 he was elected Governor of Ohio, and 
again in 1876. In that year he was a Republican candidate for the presi- 
dency, and after a heated dispute over electoral votes, which were claimed 
by both parties, a Commission, appointed by Congress, gave the disputed 
votes to Hayes. He was President of the United States from 1877 to 
1881. His death occurred at Fremont, Ohio, January 17, 1893. 



106 





TWENTIETH PRESIDENT, 1881. 



JAMES A. GARFIELD 



Was born at Bedford, Orange Township, Ohio, Saturday, November 19, 
1831. His educational advantages were meager, being limited to a com- 
mon-school education. Brought up on a farm, he was obliged to labor 
early and late, and at one time his employment consisted in driving a 
team of mules attached to a canal boat. He found time to study and by 
dint of perseverance he graduated at Williams College in the year 1856. 
Afterward he studied lav/ and was admitted to the bar. From 1859 to i860 
he was a member of the Ohio Senate. In 1861 he entered the army as 
Colonel of the Forty-second Ohio Volunteers, and his promotion was 
rapid. From Brigadier-General he was made Chief-of-Staff in 1863, for 
gallantry at Chickamauga. Shortly afterward he was promoted to the 
rank of Major-General, but resigned to accept a seat in the 38th Con- 
gress. He was elected to the Senate in 1880, and the same year he was 
elected President of the United Stats. On July 2, 1881, h was assas- 
sinated, and died Monday, September 19, 1881, at Elberon, N. J. 




TWENTY-FIRST PRESIDENT, 1881-1885. 

CHESTER A. ARTHUR 
Was born at Fairfield, Franklin County, Vermont, Tuesday, October 
5, 1831. His ancestry was Scotch-Irish. He graduated from Union 
College, Schenectady, in 1849. Subsequently he studied law and was 
admitted to the Bar in 1851. He joined the Republican Party shortly 
after its first organization. He served as a staff officer of the State 
Militia of New York, and in 1861 he was appointed Inspector- 
General of the New York State National Guard and subsequently 
Quartermaster-General of the State troops. He was collector for the port 
of New York in 1871 and held this position until 1878. In 1880 he was 
elected Vice President of the United States, and on the death of President 
Garfield he succeeded to the Presidential chair. His death occurred in 
New York City, N. Y., Friday, November 18, 1886. 



108 





TWENTY-SECOND AND TWENTY-FOURTH PRESIDENT, 
1885- 1889. 1893- 1897. 



STEPHEN GROVER CLEVELAND 



Was born at Caldwell, N. J., Saturday, March 18, 1837. When quite 
young his parents removed to Fayetteville, N. Y. He studied at the 
Clinton Academy, read law in Buffalo, was admitted to the Bar in 1859. 
He continued to practice law in Buffalo and in 1863 he was appointed 
Assistant District Attorney for Erie County. In 1869 he was made 
Sheriff of that County, and in 1874 was elected Mayor of Buffalo. In 
1882 he was elected Governor of the State of New York, and two years 
later, in 1884, was elected President of the United States. He was 
nominated again in June, 1888, but was defeated by Benjamin Harrison. 
He was nominated the third time, in 1892, this time defeating Harrison, 
and gaining a second term as President of the United States. 



109 






r^r-y-t^fy^ 



TWENTY-THIRD PRESIDENT, 1889-1893. 



BENJAMIN HARRISON. 

Was born at North Bend, Ohio, Tuesday, August 20, 1833. He was 
.a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison, one of the signers of the Declara- 
tion of Independence, and grandson of the Ninth President of the United 
States. The year 1852 he graduated from the Miami University. He 
studied law in Cincinnati, and in 1854 removed to Indianapolis, Ind., 
where he began a legal practice which subsequently became very exten- 
sive. He joined the Union Army in 1862, and served until the close of 
the war, retiring to private life with the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General. 
He was defeated as Republican candidate for Governor of Indiana in 
the year 1876. Five years later he was elected to the United States Sen- 
ate, where he served for six years. He was nominated by the Republi- 
can Party for President in 1888 and was elected President. 



110 




TWENTY-FIFTH PRESIDENT, 1897-1901. 



WILLIAM McKINLEY 

W r as born at Niles, Trumbull County, Ohio, January 29, 1843; was edu- 
cated in the public schools, Poland Academy, and Allegheny College; be- 
fore attaining his majority he taught in the public schools; enlisted as a 
private in the Twenty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, June 11, 1861; pro- 
moted to Commissary-Sergeant April 15, 1862, to Second Lieutenant 
September 23, 1862, to First Lieutenant February 7, 1863, to Captain July 
25, 1864; served successively on the staffs of Gens. R. B. Hayes, George 
Crook, and Winfleld S. Hancock, and was brevetted Major in the United 
States Volunteers by President Lincoln for gallantry in battle March 13, 
1865; detailed as acting Assistant Adjutant-General of the First Division, 
First Army Corps, on the staff of Gen. S. S. Carroll; mustered out of 
the service July 26, 1865; returning to civil life, he studied law in Mahon- 
ing County; took a course in the Albany (N. Y.) Law School, and in 
1867 was admitted to the bar and settled at Canton, Ohio, which has 
since been his home; in 1869 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of 
Stark County, and served a term in that office; in 1876 was elected a 
member of the National House of Representatives, and for fourteen years 
represented the Congressional district of which his county was a part. 
In 1896 he was elected President. 



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THE FORTRESS OF LIBERTY. 



"The hope of the Nation is the public schools, the emblem 
of the Nation is the Flag; let the two be united." 



" Let, then, each public school possess 
The flag whose virtues we confess ; 
To teach our country's hope — the young— 
The source from whence our greatness sprung, 
And ever keep before their eyes, 
A token of the sacrifice 
Offered by freeman true and brave, 
Our liberties to gain and save." 

" Columbia, take now thy stand 
In every schoolhouse in the land ; 
And to our eager youth unfold 
The story of those days of old, 
When freemen gathered at the call 
To struggle, bleed, in death to fall, 
So that the banner of thy choice 
Might wave to make the world rejoice." 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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